工廠模式是Java中最常用的設計模式之一。 這種型別的設計模式屬於建立模式,因為此模式提供了建立物件的最佳方法之一。
在工廠模式中,我們沒有建立邏輯暴露給用戶端建立物件,並使用一個通用的介面參照新建立的物件。
我們將建立一個Shape介面和實現Shape介面的具體類。 一個工廠類ShapeFactory會在下一步中定義。
FactoryPatternDemo這是一個演示類,將使用ShapeFactory來獲取一個Shape物件。 它會將資訊(CIRCLE/RECTANGLE/SQUARE)傳遞給ShapeFactory以獲取所需的物件型別。
實現工廠模式的結構如下圖所示 -
建立一個介面-
Shape.java
public interface Shape { void draw(); }
建立實現相同介面的具體類。如下所示幾個類 -
Rectangle.java
public class Rectangle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method."); } }
Square.java
public class Square implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method."); } }
Circle.java
public class Circle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method."); } }
建立工廠根據給定的資訊生成具體類的物件。
ShapeFactory.java
public class ShapeFactory { //use getShape method to get object of type shape public Shape getShape(String shapeType){ if(shapeType == null){ return null; } if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")){ return new Circle(); } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")){ return new Rectangle(); } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("SQUARE")){ return new Square(); } return null; } }
使用工廠通過傳遞型別等資訊來獲取具體類的物件。
FactoryPatternDemo.java
public class FactoryPatternDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ShapeFactory shapeFactory = new ShapeFactory(); //get an object of Circle and call its draw method. Shape shape1 = shapeFactory.getShape("CIRCLE"); //call draw method of Circle shape1.draw(); //get an object of Rectangle and call its draw method. Shape shape2 = shapeFactory.getShape("RECTANGLE"); //call draw method of Rectangle shape2.draw(); //get an object of Square and call its draw method. Shape shape3 = shapeFactory.getShape("SQUARE"); //call draw method of circle shape3.draw(); } }
驗證輸出結果如下-
Inside Circle::draw() method. Inside Rectangle::draw() method. Inside Square::draw() method.