Hystrix是Netflix的一個庫。 Hystrix隔離了服務之間的存取點,阻止了它們之間的級聯故障並提供了後備選項。
例如,當呼叫第三方應用程式時,傳送響應需要更多時間。所以在那個時候,控制元件轉到了回退方法並將自定義響應返回給你的應用程式。
在本章中,將看到如何在Spring Boot應用程式中實現Hystrix。
首先,需要在構建組態檔案中新增Spring Cloud Starter Hystrix依賴項。
Maven使用者可以在pom.xml 檔案中新增以下依賴項 -
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
Gradle使用者可以在build.gradle 檔案中新增以下依賴項 -
compile('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix')
現在,將@EnableHystrix
註釋新增到主Spring Boot應用程式類檔案中。 @EnableHystrix
注釋用於將Hystrix功能啟用到Spring Boot應用程式中。
主 Spring Boot 應用程式類檔案程式碼如下 -
package com.yiibai.hystrixapp;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrix
public class HystrixappApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args);
}
}
現在編寫一個簡單的Rest Controller,使其在請求的時間後3
秒後返回String。
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
現在,為Rest API新增@Hystrix
命令和@HystrixProperty
,並以毫秒為單位定義超時值。
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
接下來,如果請求需要很長時間來響應,請定義回退方法fallback_hello()
。
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
此處顯示包含REST API和Hystrix屬性的完整Rest Controller類檔案 -
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
在此範例中,REST API編寫在主Spring Boot應用程式類檔案本身中。
package com.yiibai.hystrixapp;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrix
@RestController
public class HystrixappApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
}
完整的構建組態檔案如下所示。
Maven構建檔案 - pom.xml 的內容:
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yiibai</groupId>
<artifactId>hystrixapp</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hystrixapp</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Edgware.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Gradle構建檔案 – build.gradle
buildscript {
ext {
springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE'
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
}
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
group = 'com.yiibai'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
ext {
springCloudVersion = 'Edgware.RELEASE'
}
dependencies {
compile('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}
dependencyManagement {
imports {
mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"
}
}
可以建立可執行的JAR檔案,並使用以下Maven或Gradle命令執行Spring Boot應用程式 -
對於Maven,使用如下所示的命令 -
mvn clean install
在「BUILD SUCCESS」之後,可以在target
目錄下找到JAR檔案。
對於Gradle,使用如下所示的命令 -
gradle clean build
在「BUILD SUCCESSFUL」之後,可以在build/libs
目錄下找到JAR檔案。現在,使用下面給出的命令執行JAR檔案 -
java –jar <JARFILE>
這將在Tomcat埠8080上啟動應用程式。
現在,從Web瀏覽器中點選URL => http://localhost:8080/
,然後檢視Hystrix響應。 API需要3
秒鐘才能響應,但Hystrix超時為1
秒。