Spring Boot快速入門
本章將演示如何使用Maven和Gradle建立Spring Boot應用程式。
前提條件
系統需要具有以下建立Spring Boot應用程式的最低要求 -
- Java 7
- Maven 3.2
- Gradle 2.5
Spring Boot CLI
Spring Boot CLI是一個命令列工具，它用於執行Groovy指令碼。它是使用Spring Boot命令列介面建立Spring Boot應用程式的最簡單方法。可以在命令提示字元下建立，執行和測試應用程式。
本節介紹手動安裝Spring Boot CLI所涉及的步驟。 如需進一步的幫助，可以使用以下連結:
還可以從Spring Software儲存庫下載Spring CLI發行版:
對於手動安裝，需要使用以下兩個檔案夾 -
- spring-boot-cli-2.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT-bin.zip
- spring-boot-cli-2.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT-bin.tar.gz
下載後，解壓縮歸檔檔案並按照install.txt檔案中給出的步驟進行操作。 並不是說它不需要任何環境設定。
在Windows中，轉到命令提示字元下的Spring Boot CLI bin目錄並執行命令spring --version以確保正確安裝了spring CLI。 執行命令後，可以看到spring CLI版本，如下所示 -
使用Groovy執行Hello World
建立一個包含Rest Endpoint指令碼的簡單groovy檔案：hello.groovy，並使用spring boot CLI執行groovy檔案。程式碼如下所示 -
@Controller
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
@ResponseBody
public String hello() {
"Hello Spring Boot"
}
}
請注意，在這個範例中，已經組態Spring Boot CLI bin目錄到系統環境變數，並把檔案：hello.groovy儲存到D:/worksp/springboot/目錄。使用命令spring run hello.groovy執行應用程式，如下面所示 -
D:\worksp\springboot>spring run hello.groovy
執行結果如下所示：
D:\worksp\springboot>spring run hello.groovy
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.0.5.RELEASE)
2018-09-26 09:34:13.782 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Starting application on DESKTOP-CAN8JLM with PID 13908 (started by hema in D:\worksp\springboot)
2018-09-26 09:34:13.810 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-09-26 09:34:14.747 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@2ec39a62: startup date [Wed Sep 26 09:34:14 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-09-26 09:34:18.655 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-09-26 09:34:18.735 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-09-26 09:34:18.736 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.34
2018-09-26 09:34:18.756 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener : The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\PuTTY\;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\130\Tools\Binn\;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;D:\wamp\bin\php\php7.0.29;C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\;D:\software\spring-2.0.5.RELEASE\bin;D:\Program Files\Python3\Scripts\;D:\Program Files\Python3\;C:\Users\hema\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\hema\AppData\Roaming\npm;.]
2018-09-26 09:34:19.030 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader : Unknown loader org.springframework.boot.cli.compiler.ExtendedGroovyClassLoader$DefaultScopeParentClassLoader@24ef272d class org.springframework.boot.cli.compiler.ExtendedGroovyClassLoader$DefaultScopeParentClassLoader
2018-09-26 09:34:19.140 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-09-26 09:34:19.140 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 4398 ms
2018-09-26 09:34:19.303 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]
2018-09-26 09:34:19.311 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-26 09:34:19.318 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-26 09:34:19.320 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-26 09:34:19.322 INFO 13908 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-26 09:34:19.556 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-09-26 09:34:19.831 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@2ec39a62: startup date [Wed Sep 26 09:34:14 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-09-26 09:34:19.998 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String Example.hello()
2018-09-26 09:34:20.004 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-09-26 09:34:20.006 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-09-26 09:34:20.050 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-09-26 09:34:20.053 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-09-26 09:34:20.651 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-09-26 09:34:20.821 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-09-26 09:34:20.830 INFO 13908 --- [ runner-0] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Started application in 9.092 seconds (JVM running for 15.353)
執行groovy檔案，所需的依賴項將自動下載，它將在Tomcat 8080埠啟動應用程式，如下面給出的螢幕截圖所示 -
Tomcat啟動後，轉到Web瀏覽器並點選URL => http://localhost:8080/，可以看到輸出，如圖所示:
