對談物件更改時通知HttpSessionEvent
,此事件的相應偵聽器介面是HttpSessionListener
。
我們可以在這個事件上執行一些操作,例如:計數統計當前登入的使用者,記錄登入時間,登出時間等使用者詳細資訊。
HttpSessionListener介面的方法
在HttpSessionListener
介面中宣告了兩種方法,這些方法必須由servlet程式員來實現,以執行某些操作。
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent e)
:在建立對談物件時被呼叫。public void sessionDestroyed(ServletContextEvent e)
:當對談無效時被呼叫。在這個例子中,實現對當前登入的使用者進行統計。主要建立了以下幾個程式碼檔案:
ServletContext
物件中。開啟Eclipse,建立一個動態Web專案:HttpSessionEvent,其完整的目錄結構如下所示 -
以下是這個專案中的幾個主要的程式碼檔案。
檔案:index.html -
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>統計線上使用者數量</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="font-align: center;">
<form action="first" method="post">
使用者名:<input type="text" name="username" value="admin">密碼:<input
type="password" name="password"><input
type="submit" value="登入" />
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
監聽器檔案:CountUserListener.java -
package com.yiibai;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class CountUserListener implements HttpSessionListener {
ServletContext ctx = null;
static int total = 0, current = 0;
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent e) {
total++;
current++;
ctx = e.getSession().getServletContext();
ctx.setAttribute("totalusers", total);
ctx.setAttribute("currentusers", current);
}
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent e) {
current--;
ctx.setAttribute("currentusers", current);
}
}
檔案:First.java -
package com.yiibai;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 顯示使用者數
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// retrieving data from ServletContext object
ServletContext ctx = getServletContext();
int t = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("totalusers");
int c = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("currentusers");
out.print("<br>使用者總數: " + t);
out.print("<br>當前使用者數: " + c);
out.print("<br><a href='logout'>登出</a>");
out.close();
}
// 執行使用者登入
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String n = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
// 假設輸入密碼為:123456時,此使用者登入成功
if (password == null) {
password = "";
}
if (password.equals("123456")) {
out.print("您好, " + n);
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("uname", n);
} else {
out.print("登陸失敗 ~");
}
// retrieving data from ServletContext object
ServletContext ctx = getServletContext();
int t = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("totalusers");
int c = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("currentusers");
out.print("<br>使用者總數: " + t);
out.print("<br>當前使用者數: " + c);
out.print("<br><a href='logout'>登出</a>");
out.close();
}
}
檔案:LogoutServlet.java -
package com.yiibai;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
session.invalidate();// invalidating session
out.print("You are successfully logged out");
out.close();
}
}
檔案:web.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>HttpSessionEvent</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.yiibai.CountUserListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FirstServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yiibai.FirstServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FirstServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/first</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yiibai.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/logout</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在編寫上面程式碼後,部署此Web應用程式(在專案名稱上點選右鍵->」Run On Server…」),開啟瀏覽器存取URL: http://localhost:8080/HttpSessionEvent/ ,如果沒有錯誤,應該會看到以下結果 -
開啟另一個瀏覽器存取URL: http://localhost:8080/HttpSessionEvent/ ,登入應用,然後登出,再次存取: http://localhost:8080/HttpSessionEvent/first ,應該看到以下結果 -