當Web應用程式部署在伺服器上時,會通知ServletContextEvent
事件。
如果要在部署Web應用程式時執行某些操作,例如建立資料庫連線,建立專案的所有表等,則需要實現ServletContextListener
介面並提供其方法的實現。
ServletContextEvent類的構造方法
在ServletContextEvent
類中只定義了一個建構函式。Web容器在ServletContext
範例之後建立ServletContextEvent
的範例。
ServletContextEvent(ServletContext e)
ServletContextEvent類的方法
ServletContextEvent
類中只定義了一個方法:
public ServletContext getServletContext()
- 返回ServletContext
的範例。ServletContextListener介面的方法
在ServletContextListener
介面中宣告了兩種方法,這些方法必須由servlet
程式員實現,以執行一些操作,如建立資料庫連線等。
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent e)
: 當應用程式部署在伺服器上時被呼叫。public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent e)
: 當應用程式從伺服器取消部署時被呼叫。在這個例子中,從employees
表中檢索資料。為了實現這個服務,我們在監聽器類中建立了連線資料庫物件,並在servlet中使用了連線物件。
首先,在MySQL中建立一個名稱為:testdb 的資料庫,建立以下表及以資料記錄 -
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employees`;
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`age` int(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`address` varchar(254) DEFAULT NULL,
`salary` float(8,2) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of employees
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `employees` VALUES ('1', '李小春', '23', '海口市人民大道1800號', '8900.00');
INSERT INTO `employees` VALUES ('2', '張輝', '28', '廣州天河區珠村市場', '15800.00');
INSERT INTO `employees` VALUES ('3', '林賢弟', '25', '廣州白雲區龍塘村120號', '18990.00');
開啟Eclipse,建立一個動態Web專案:ServletContextEvent,其完整的目錄結構如下 -
以下是專案中的幾個主要的檔案程式碼。
檔案:index.html -
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>ServletContextListener範例</title>
</head>
<body style="text-algin: center;">
<a href="getdata">點選讀取employees表中的資料</a>
</body>
</html>
檔案:MyListener.java -
package com.yiibai;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
/**
* Application Lifecycle Listener implementation class MyListener
*
*/
@WebListener
public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
String jdbcDriver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String dbURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/testdb";
// Database credentials
String dbUser = "root";
final String passwd = "123456";
try {
Class.forName(jdbcDriver);
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(dbURL, dbUser, passwd);
// storing connection object as an attribute in ServletContext
ServletContext ctx = event.getServletContext();
ctx.setAttribute("mycon", con);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Servlet has contextDestroyed...");
}
}
檔案:FetchData.java -
package com.yiibai;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class FetchData
*/
public class FetchData extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
try {
// Retrieving connection object from ServletContext object
ServletContext ctx = getServletContext();
Connection con = (Connection) ctx.getAttribute("mycon");
if(con==null) {
System.out.println("獲取資料庫連線異常~!");
}
// retieving data from emp32 table
String sql = "SELECT * FROM employees";
PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
out.print("<br>" + rs.getString(1) + " " + rs.getString(2));
}
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
out.close();
}
}
檔案:web.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>ServletContextEvent</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.yiibai.MyListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FetchDataServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yiibai.FetchData</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FetchDataServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/getdata</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在編寫上面程式碼後,部署此Web應用程式(在專案名稱上點選右鍵->」Run On Server…」),開啟瀏覽器存取URL: http://localhost:8080/ServletContextEvent/ ,如果沒有錯誤,應該會看到以下結果 -
點選上面連結後,從資料庫表中讀取到的資料如下所示 -
在這個例子中,我們建立一個專案所使用的表。因此不需要在資料庫中手動建立所有表。
修改上面MyListener.java中的範例程式碼:
package com.yiibai;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
/**
* Application Lifecycle Listener implementation class MyListener
*
*/
@WebListener
public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
String jdbcDriver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String dbURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/testdb";
// Database credentials
String dbUser = "root";
final String passwd = "123456";
try {
Class.forName(jdbcDriver);
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(dbURL, dbUser, passwd);
String query="CREATE TABLE `employees` (" +
" `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT," +
" `name` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''," +
" `age` int(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'," +
" `address` varchar(254) DEFAULT NULL," +
" `salary` float(8,2) unsigned DEFAULT NULL," +
" PRIMARY KEY (`id`)" +
") ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(query);
ps.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(query);
// storing connection object as an attribute in ServletContext
ServletContext ctx = event.getServletContext();
ctx.setAttribute("mycon", con);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Servlet has contextDestroyed...");
}
}
ServletContextListener的其他範例