Nginx組態虛擬機器
在上一節中，我們學習了Nginx+PHP7+MySQL的安裝組態，在這一篇文章中，我們來學習如何在一個Nginx伺服器中組態多個站點。
假要你所在的公司由於預算問題，現在只能提供一台伺服器，但是有以下幾個網站：www.yourmall.com, m.yourmall.com，www.yourcrm.com需要部署，並且你已經根據我們上一篇文章中安裝組態了，實現以下需求。
www.yourmall.com是公司的電子商務平台。m.yourmall.com是公司的電子商務平台子站，用於行動端使用者的存取。www.yourcrm.com是公司的使用者關係管理系統。
現在為以上網站在伺服器上規劃目錄，建立一個目錄：/var/sites，為上面三個站點分別建立一個目錄：
www.yourmall.com對應建立的目錄為：/var/sites/yourmallm.yourmall.com對應建立的目錄為：/var/sites/m_yourmallwww.yourcrm.com對應建立的目錄為：/var/sites/yourcrm
如下圖所示 -
[root@localhost sites]# mkdir /var/sites/yourmall
[root@localhost sites]# mkdir /var/sites/m_yourmall
[root@localhost sites]# mkdir /var/sites/yourcrm
[root@localhost sites]# pwd
/var/sites
[root@localhost sites]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 28 04:23 m_yourmall
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 28 04:23 yourcrm
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 28 04:23 yourmall
[root@localhost sites]#
1. 第一個域名/網站組態
開啟Nginx的組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ，並在 http 塊下加入以下子塊server，如下組態內容所示 -
# vhost for yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourmall.com yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
現在，完整的Nginx組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的內容如下所示 -
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.html;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.html;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.html;
# }
#}
# vhost for yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourmall.com yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
在目錄 /var/sites/yourmall 下建立一個檔案：index.html用於測試網站的組態情況，其程式碼如下 -
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome To Yourmall.com</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>歡迎您存取：Yourmall.com </h1>
<p>這是 Yourmall.com 的首頁，僅用於Nginx的虛擬機器組態測試演示。</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.tw511.com/">yourmall.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
現在，重新載入Nginx組態檔案，在載入組態檔案之前，最好先測試一下組態檔案語法是否正確，使用以下命令來測試 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost sites]#
然後執行重新載入Nginx組態檔案 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost sites]#
到了這一步，我們來看看網站 www.yourmall.com 是否組態成功，接下來我們要存取這個域名，看能不能看到我們在上面寫入的 index.html 檔案中的內容。在測試存取www.yourmall.com 域名之前，我們還要對這個域名進行對映(外網稱為解析)。在區域網內的一台Windows計算機上開啟檔案 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\hosts，在這個檔案的最後一行加入以下內容 -
192.168.0.134 www.yourmall.com
192.168.0.134 yourmall.com
注意：在這裡，
192.168.0.134是組態Nginx伺服器的IP，如果你的伺服器不是這個IP，請寫上對應的伺服器IP。
現在，開啟瀏覽器，存取以下網站域名： www.yourmall.com 或 yourmall.com ，沒有錯誤，應該會看到以下介面 -
就這樣，第一個網站的組態完成了！
2. 第二個域名/網站組態
現在，我們來組態第二個網站：m.yourmall.com， 假設 m.yourmall.com 這個網站它是 www.yourmall.com 的二級域名網站，主要用於服務主站 www.yourmall.com 的行動端存取使用者。
開啟Nginx的組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ，並在 http 塊下加入以下子塊server，如下組態內容所示 -
# 手機/行動端網站 vhost for m.yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name m.yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/m_yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
現在，完整的Nginx組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的內容如下所示 -
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.html;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# vhost for yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourmall.com yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# 手機/行動端網站 vhost for m.yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name m.yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/m_yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
在目錄 /var/sites/m_yourmall 下建立一個檔案：index.html用於測試網站的組態情況，其程式碼如下 -
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome To Yourmall.com</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>歡迎您存取：m.yourmall.com </h1>
<p>這是 Yourmall.com 主站的子域名：<a href="https://www.tw511.com/">m.yourmall.com</a> ，僅用於Nginx的虛擬機器組態測試演示。</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.tw511.com/">m.yourmall.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
現在，重新載入Nginx組態檔案，在載入組態檔案之前，最好先測試一下組態檔案語法是否正確，使用以下命令來測試 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost sites]#
然後執行重新載入Nginx組態檔案 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost sites]#
到了這一步，我們來看看網站 m.yourmall.com 是否組態成功，接下來我們要存取這個域名，看能不能看到我們在上面寫入的 index.html 檔案中的內容。在測試存取m.yourmall.com 域名之前，我們還要對這個域名進行對映(外網稱為解析)。在區域網內的一台Windows計算機上開啟檔案 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\hosts，在這個檔案的最後一行加入以下內容 -
192.168.0.134 m.yourmall.com
注意：在這裡，
192.168.0.134是組態Nginx伺服器的IP，如果你的伺服器不是這個IP，請寫上對應的伺服器IP。
現在，開啟瀏覽器，存取以下網站域名： m.yourmall.com 沒有錯誤，應該會看到以下介面 -
就這樣，第二個網站(子域名)的組態完成了！
3. 第三個域名/網站組態
接下來，我們來組態第三個網站：www.yourcrm.com， 假設 www.yourcrm.com 這個網站它是一個客戶管理系統，主要記錄客戶資訊的管理網站。
注意：組態這個網站與第一個網站類似，只是指定/使用檔案目錄不太一樣。
開啟Nginx的組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ，並在 http 塊下加入以下子塊server，如下組態內容所示 -
# 客戶管理系統 vhost for yourcrm.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourcrm.com yourcrm.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/yourcrm.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/yourcrm;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/yourcrm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/yourcrm;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
現在，完整的Nginx組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的內容如下所示 -
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.html;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# vhost for yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourmall.com yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# 手機/行動端網站 vhost for m.yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name m.yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/m_yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/m_yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# 客戶管理系統 vhost for yourcrm.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourcrm.com yourcrm.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/yourcrm.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/yourcrm;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/yourcrm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/yourcrm;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
在目錄 /var/sites/yourcrm 下建立一個檔案：index.html用於測試網站的組態情況，其程式碼如下 -
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome To YourCrm.com</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>歡迎您存取：yourcrm.com </h1>
<p>這是 yourcrm.com 網站的首頁 ，僅用於Nginx的虛擬機器組態測試演示。</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.tw511.com/">yourcrm.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
現在，重新載入Nginx組態檔案，在載入組態檔案之前，最好先測試一下組態檔案語法是否正確，使用以下命令來測試 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost sites]#
然後執行重新載入Nginx組態檔案 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost sites]#
到了這一步，我們來看看網站 www.yourcrm.com 是否組態成功，接下來我們要存取這個域名，看能不能看到我們在上面寫入的 index.html 檔案中的內容。在測試存取www.yourcrm.com 域名之前，我們還要對這個域名進行對映(外網稱為解析)。在區域網內的一台Windows計算機上開啟檔案 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\hosts，在這個檔案的最後一行加入以下內容 -
192.168.0.134 www.yourcrm.com
192.168.0.134 yourcrm.com
注意：在這裡，
192.168.0.134是組態Nginx伺服器的IP，如果你的伺服器不是這個IP，請寫上對應的伺服器IP。
現在，開啟瀏覽器，存取以下網站域名： www.yourcrm.com 或 yourcrm.com ，沒有錯誤，應該會看到以下介面 -
就這樣，第三個網站的組態完成了！
4. 優化組態
經過了上面三個網站的組態，相信你可能覺得 Nginx 的組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 內容有點多了，這還只是最簡單的組態(還未包函重寫，紀錄檔記錄等規則)，從頭看到尾多少有點不太方便，能不能有更好的辦法解決這個問題？ 當然可以。我們可以把每個網站的組態獨立成一個組態檔案，然後在主組態檔案中使用 include 指令包函進來。
現在來看看怎麼修改組態，首先分別建立三個網站的組態檔案：
www.yourmall.com->/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/yourmall.confm.yourmall.com->/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/m_yourmall.confwww.yourcrm.com->/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/yourcrm.conf
再將上面組態中對應每個網站的檔案包括放入主組態檔案。例如，對於檔案 /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/yourmall.conf 放置的檔案內容如下：
# vhost for yourmall.com configure.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourmall.com yourmall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/yourmall.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
index index.html index.html;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/sites/yourmall;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
其它兩個網站也同樣放入對應組態。
在主組態檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 中，包函上述三個檔案即可。現在檔案：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的內容如下所示 -
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.html;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# 網站組態
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/yourmall.conf;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/m_yourmall.conf;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/yourcrm.conf;
}
重新載入Nginx組態檔案，在載入組態檔案之前，最好先測試一下組態檔案語法是否正確，使用以下命令來測試 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost sites]#
然後執行重新載入Nginx組態檔案 -
[root@localhost sites]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost sites]#
到此，在Nginx上組態虛擬機器演示範例就完了。