Maven教學 » Maven Web應用

Maven Web應用

本教學將教你如何管理使用Maven版本控制系統管理一個基於Web專案。在這裡，將學習如何建立/構建/部署和執行Web應用程式：

建立Web應用程式

要建立一個簡單的java web應用程式，我們將使用Maven的原型 - web應用外掛。因此，讓我們開啟命令控制台，進入到C： MVN目錄並執行以下命令mvn命令。

C:MVN>mvn archetype:generate 
-DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile 
-DartifactId=trucks
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp 
-DinteractiveMode=false

Maven會開始處理，並建立完整的基於Web的Java應用程式專案結構。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO]    task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
[INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project 
from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:MVN
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:MVN	rucks
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------

現在去到C:/ MVN目錄。您將看到建立了一個名為trucks （如artifactId指定）一個java應用程式專案。

Java web application project structure

Maven使用標準的目錄結構。用上面的例子中，我們可以了解到以下關鍵概念

檔案夾結構 描述
trucks contains src folder and pom.xml
src/main/webapp contains index.jsp and WEB-INF folder.
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF contains web.xml
src/main/resources it contains images/properties files .

POM.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId>
   <artifactId>trucks</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>trucks Maven Webapp</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.1</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   <build>
      <finalName>trucks</finalName>
   </build>
</project>

Maven還建立了一個範例JSP原始檔

開啟 C: > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 檔案夾，你會看到index.jsp。

<html>
   <body>
      <h2>Hello World!</h2>
   </body>
</html>

構建Web應用程式

讓我們開啟命令控制台，進入到C:MVN rucks目錄並執行以下命令mvn命令。

C:MVN	rucks>mvn clean package

Maven將開始建設該專案。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp
[INFO]    task-segment: [clean, package]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to 
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to 
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory 
C:MVN	ruckssrc	estesources
[INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}]
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}]
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:MVN	rucks	arget	rucks]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:MVN	ruckssrcmainwebapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: C:MVN	rucks	arget	rucks.war
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------

部署Web應用程式

現在複製建立的trucks.war 到C: > MVN > trucks > target >檔案夾到web伺服器的webapp目錄下，然後重新啟動Web伺服器。

測試Web應用程式

使用URL執行Web應用程式 : http://<server-name>:<port-number>/trucks/index.jsp

驗證輸出。

web page