我們在建立專案時要學習的是如何使用 Maven 來建立一個 Java 應用程式。現在將學習如何構建和測試應用程式。
進入到 C:\MVN 目錄我們準備建立來 java應用程式。開啟 consumerBanking 檔案夾。看到 pom.xml 檔案並開啟它,內容如下。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId> <artifactId>project</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
在這裡,你可以看到 Maven 已經新增了 Junit 測試框架。預設情況下 Maven 增加了一個原始檔 App.java,以及在前面的章節中討論的一樣,預設目錄結構中也有一個測試檔案:AppTest.java。
現在開啟命令控制台,進入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目錄並執行以下命令 mvn 命令。
C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean package
Maven 將開始構建這個專案,如下所示:
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building consumerBanking 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ consumerBanking --- [INFO] Deleting C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ consumerBanking --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ consumerBanking --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ consumerBanking --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\test\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ consumerBanking --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b uild is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ consumerBanking --- [INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports ------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S ------------------------------------------------------- Running com.companyname.bank.AppTest Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.063 sec Results : Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ consumerBanking --- [INFO] Building jar: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 14.406 s [INFO] Finished at: 2016-09-27T17:58:06+05:30 [INFO] Final Memory: 14M/247M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
現在我們已經建立專案,並建立生成最終 jar 檔案,以下是主要一些概念介紹:
我們給 maven 兩個目標,首先要清理目標目錄(clean),然後打包專案生成 JAR(包)輸出 ;
打包的 JAR 可在 consumerBanking\target 檔案夾找到檔案:consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar ;
測試報告在 consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports 檔案夾中;
Maven 編譯的原始碼檔案,然後測試原始碼檔案;
然後 Maven 執行測試用例;
最後 Maven 建立包;
現在開啟命令控制台,進入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes 目錄,然後執行以下 java 命令。
C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java com.companyname.bank.App
會看到結果,如下所示:
Hello World!
讓我們來看看如何在專案中新增額外的 Java 檔案。開啟 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\java\com\companyname\bank 檔案夾,在其中建立一個 Util 類,其對應檔案為:Util.java 檔案。
package com.companyname.bank; public class Util { public static void printMessage(String message){ System.out.println(message); } }
更新 App 類在其中呼叫(使用) Util 類。如下程式碼所示:
package com.companyname.bank; /** * Hello world! * */ public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { Util.printMessage("Hello World!"); } }
現在開啟命令控制台,進入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目錄並執行以下命令 mvn 命令。
C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean compile
Maven 構建成功後,請再進入 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes 目錄,然後執行以下 java 命令。
C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java -cp com.companyname.bank.App
看到結果如下所示:
Hello World!