JPA繼承-單表策略

單表策略是定義繼承實現的最簡單有效的方法之一。 在這種方法中，多個實體類的範例僅作為屬性儲存在單個表中。

以下語法表示單個表策略 -

@Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)

單表策略範例

在這個例子中，我們將員工分為活躍員工和退休員工。

因此，子類ActiveEmployees和RetiredEmployees繼承父類別Employee的e_id和e_name欄位。

現在，按照以下步驟建立JPA專案 -

第1步: 在com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence包下建立一個根實體類Employee.java並指定所有必需的屬性和注釋。

檔案:Employee.java -

package com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "employee_details")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)
public class Employee implements Serializable {

    @Id
    private int e_id;
    private String e_name;

    public Employee(int e_id, String e_name) {
        super();
        this.e_id = e_id;
        this.e_name = e_name;
    }

    public Employee() {
        super();

    }

    public int getE_id() {
        return e_id;
    }

    public void setE_id(int e_id) {
        this.e_id = e_id;
    }

    public String getE_name() {
        return e_name;
    }

    public void setE_name(String e_name) {
        this.e_name = e_name;
    }

}

第2步: 在com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence包下建立實體類ActiveEmployee.java(它是Employee類的子類)。

檔案:ActiveEmployee.java -

package com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class ActiveEmployee extends Employee {

    private int e_salary;
    private int e_experience;

    public ActiveEmployee(int e_id, String e_name, int e_salary, int e_experience) {
        super(e_id, e_name);
        this.e_salary = e_salary;
        this.e_experience = e_experience;
    }

    public ActiveEmployee() {
        super();

    }

    public int getE_salary() {
        return e_salary;
    }

    public void setE_salary(int e_salary) {
        this.e_salary = e_salary;
    }

    public int getE_experience() {
        return e_experience;
    }

    public void setE_experience(int e_experience) {
        this.e_experience = e_experience;
    }

}

第3步: 在com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence包下建立另一個實體類RetiredEmployee.java(它是Employee.java的子類)。

檔案:RetiredEmployee.java -

package com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class RetiredEmployee extends Employee {

    private int e_pension;

    public RetiredEmployee(int e_id, String e_name, int e_pension) {
        super(e_id, e_name);
        this.e_pension = e_pension;
    }

    public RetiredEmployee() {
        super();

    }

    public int getE_pension() {
        return e_pension;
    }

    public void setE_pension(int e_pension) {
        this.e_pension = e_pension;
    }

}

第4步: 將實體類和其他資料庫組態對映到Persistence.xml檔案中。
persistence.xml中

檔案:persistence.xml -

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1"
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
    <persistence-unit name="Employee_details">
        <class>com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence.ActiveEmployee</class>
        <class>com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence.RetiredEmployee</class>
        <class>com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence.Employee</class>
        <properties>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver"
                value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
                value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?serverTimezone=UTC&characterEncoding=utf8" />
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root" />
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password"
                value="123456" />
            <property name="eclipselink.logging.level" value="SEVERE" />
            <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation"
                value="create-or-extend-tables" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>

</persistence>

第5步:在com.yiibai.jpa.persistence包下建立永續性類EmployeePersistence.java。 這個類用於初始化一個物件並儲存它。

檔案: EmployeePersistence.java -

package com.yiibai.jpa.persistence;

import javax.persistence.*;
import com.yiibai.jpa.inheritence.*;

public class EmployeePersistence {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("Employee_details");
        EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();

        em.getTransaction().begin();

        ActiveEmployee ae1 = new ActiveEmployee(101, "李小雲", 10000, 5);
        ActiveEmployee ae2 = new ActiveEmployee(102, "張峰", 12000, 7);

        RetiredEmployee re1 = new RetiredEmployee(103, "王四哥", 5000);
        RetiredEmployee re2 = new RetiredEmployee(104, "葉問頂", 4000);

        em.persist(ae1);
        em.persist(ae2);

        em.persist(re1);
        em.persist(re2);

        em.getTransaction().commit();

        em.close();
        emf.close();

    }
}

執行程式後，在MySQL資料庫中執行select * from employee_details查詢，將會得到以下輸出結果 -

mysql> select * from employee_details;
+------+-----------------+--------+--------------+----------+-----------+
| E_ID | DTYPE           | E_NAME | E_EXPERIENCE | E_SALARY | E_PENSION |
+------+-----------------+--------+--------------+----------+-----------+
|  101 | ActiveEmployee  | 李小雲 |            5 |    10000 | NULL      |
|  102 | ActiveEmployee  | 張峰   |            7 |    12000 | NULL      |
|  103 | RetiredEmployee | 王四哥 | NULL         | NULL     |      5000 |
|  104 | RetiredEmployee | 葉問頂 | NULL         | NULL     |      4000 |
+------+-----------------+--------+--------------+----------+-----------+
4 rows in set