使用擴充套件可新增現有類,結構或列舉型別的功能。 使用擴充套件新增型別功能,但擴充套件無法覆蓋功能。
Swift擴充套件功能 -
使用關鍵字extension
宣告擴充套件名,語法如下 -
extension SomeType {
// new functionality can be added here
}
型別也可以新增擴充套件,使其成為協定標準,它的語法類似於類或結構。
extension SomeType: SomeProtocol, AnotherProtocol {
// protocol requirements is described here
}
使用擴充套件,也可以擴充套件計算的「範例」和「型別」屬性。
extension Int {
var add: Int {return self + 100 }
var sub: Int { return self - 10 }
var mul: Int { return self * 10 }
var div: Int { return self / 5 }
}
let addition = 3.add
print("Addition is \(addition)")
let subtraction = 120.sub
print("Subtraction is \(subtraction)")
let multiplication = 39.mul
print("Multiplication is \(multiplication)")
let division = 55.div
print("Division is \(division)")
let mix = 30.add + 34.sub
print("Mixed Type is \(mix)")
當使用playground執行上述程式時,得到以下結果 -
Addition is 103
Subtraction is 110
Multiplication is 390
Division is 11
Mixed Type is 154
Swift 4提供通過擴充套件向現有型別新增新初始化程式的靈活性。 使用者可以新增自定義型別來擴充套件已定義的型別,也可以使用其他初始化選項。 擴充套件僅支援init()
。 擴充套件不支援deinit()
。
struct sum {
var num1 = 100, num2 = 200
}
struct diff {
var no1 = 200, no2 = 100
}
struct mult {
var a = sum()
var b = diff()
}
let calc = mult()
print ("Inside mult block \(calc.a.num1, calc.a.num2)")
print("Inside mult block \(calc.b.no1, calc.b.no2)")
let memcalc = mult(a: sum(num1: 300, num2: 500),b: diff(no1: 300, no2: 100))
print("Inside mult block \(memcalc.a.num1, memcalc.a.num2)")
print("Inside mult block \(memcalc.b.no1, memcalc.b.no2)")
extension mult {
init(x: sum, y: diff) {
let X = x.num1 + x.num2
let Y = y.no1 + y.no2
}
}
let a = sum(num1: 100, num2: 200)
print("Inside Sum Block:\( a.num1, a.num2)")
let b = diff(no1: 200, no2: 100)
print("Inside Diff Block: \(b.no1, b.no2)")
當使用playground執行上述程式時,得到以下結果 -
Inside mult block (100, 200)
Inside mult block (200, 100)
Inside mult block (300, 500)
Inside mult block (300, 100)
Inside Sum Block:(100, 200)
Inside Diff Block: (200, 100)
借助擴充套件,可以在子類中進一步新增新的範例方法和型別方法。
extension Int {
func topics(summation: () -> ()) {
for _ in 0..<self {
summation()
}
}
}
4.topics(summation: {
print("Inside Extensions Block")
})
3.topics(summation: {
print("Inside Type Casting Block")
})
當使用playground執行上述程式時,得到以下結果 -
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Type Casting Block
Inside Type Casting Block
Inside Type Casting Block
topics()
函式接受型別(summation: () -> ())
的引數,以指示函式不接受任何引數,並且它不會返回任何值。 要多次呼叫該函式,初始化塊,並在初始化時對topic()
的方法的呼叫。
宣告為擴充套件時,範例方法也可以變異(mutating
)。
修改self
或其屬性的結構和列舉方法必須將範例方法標記為變異(mutating
),就像從原始實現中改變方法一樣。
extension Double {
mutating func square() {
let pi = 3.1415
self = pi * self * self
}
}
var Trial1 = 3.3
Trial1.square()
print("Area of circle is: \(Trial1)")
var Trial2 = 5.8
Trial2.square()
print("Area of circle is: \(Trial2)")
var Trial3 = 120.3
Trial3.square()
print("Area of circle is: \(Trial3)")
當使用playground執行上述程式時,得到以下結果 -
Area of circle is: 34.210935
Area of circle is: 105.68006
Area of circle is: 45464.070735
通過擴充套件也可以向已宣告的範例新增新的下標。
extension Int {
subscript(var multtable: Int) -> Int {
var no1 = 1
while multtable > 0 {
no1 *= 10
--multtable
}
return (self / no1) % 10
}
}
print(12[0])
print(7869[1])
print(786543[2])
當使用playground執行上述程式時,得到以下結果 -
2
6
5
類,結構和列舉範例的巢狀型別也可以使用擴充套件來進行擴充套件。
extension Int {
enum calc {
case add
case sub
case mult
case div
case anything
}
var print: calc {
switch self {
case 0:
return .add
case 1:
return .sub
case 2:
return .mult
case 3:
return .div
default:
return .anything
}
}
}
func result(numb: [Int]) {
for i in numb {
switch i.print {
case .add:
print(" 10 ")
case .sub:
print(" 20 ")
case .mult:
print(" 30 ")
case .div:
print(" 40 ")
default:
print(" 50 ")
}
}
}
result(numb: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7])
當使用playground執行上述程式時,得到以下結果 -
10
20
30
40
50
50