Unix/Linux Socket 用戶端程式碼範例


我們已經看過前面的教學,為了編寫TCP用戶端程式需要執行以下步驟:

  1. 建立一個通訊端socket()系統呼叫。

  2. 通訊端連線的伺服器地址使用connect()系統呼叫。

  3. 傳送和接收資料。做到這一點的方法有許多,但最簡單的方法是使用read() 和write() 系統呼叫。

現在要把上面這些步驟的形式寫成原始碼。把這個程式碼寫client.c檔案並用gcc編譯器編譯

執行該程式,並通過伺服器的主機名和埠號連線到伺服器,必須已經執行在另一個UNIX視窗。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h> 
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int sockfd, portno, n;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    struct hostent *server;

    char buffer[256];

    if (argc < 3) {
        fprintf(stderr,"usage %s hostname port\n", argv[0]);
        exit(0);
    }
    portno = atoi(argv[2]);
    /* Create a socket point */
    sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sockfd < 0) 
    {
        perror("ERROR opening socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    server = gethostbyname(argv[1]);
    if (server == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no such host\n");
        exit(0);
    }

    bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    bcopy((char *)server->h_addr, 
           (char *)&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr,
                server->h_length);
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);

    /* Now connect to the server */
    if (connect(sockfd,&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) 
    {
         perror("ERROR connecting");
         exit(1);
    }	
    /* Now ask for a message from the user, this message
    * will be read by server
    */
    printf("Please enter the message: ");
    bzero(buffer,256);
    fgets(buffer,255,stdin);
    /* Send message to the server - by tw511.com */
    n = write(sockfd,buffer,strlen(buffer));
    if (n < 0) 
    {
         perror("ERROR writing to socket");
         exit(1);
    }
    /* Now read server response */
    bzero(buffer,256);
    n = read(sockfd,buffer,255);
    if (n < 0) 
    {
         perror("ERROR reading from socket");
         exit(1);
    }
    printf("%s\n",buffer);
    return 0;
}