Fortran動態陣列


動態陣列是一種陣列,其尺寸在編譯時不知道,而是在執行時才已知/確定的。

動態陣列的屬性使用 allocatable 宣告。 .

例如,

real, dimension (:,:), allocatable :: darray    

陣列的秩,即尺寸,必須提到但是,分配記憶體以這樣的陣列,可以使用allocate函式。

allocate ( darray(s1,s2) )      

該陣列使用後,在該程式中,所建立的儲存器應該使用 deallocate 函式解除

deallocate (darray)  

範例

下面的例子演示了上面討論的概念。

program dynamic_array 
implicit none 

   !rank is 2, but size not known   
   real, dimension (:,:), allocatable :: darray    
   integer :: s1, s2     
   integer :: i, j     
   
   print*, "Enter the size of the array:"     
   read*, s1, s2      
   
   ! allocate memory      
   allocate ( darray(s1,s2) )      
   
   do i = 1, s1           
      do j = 1, s2                
         darray(i,j) = i*j               
         print*, "darray(",i,",",j,") = ", darray(i,j)           
      end do      
   end do      
   
   deallocate (darray)  
end program dynamic_array

當上述程式碼被編譯和執行時,它產生了以下結果:

Enter the size of the array: 3,4
darray( 1 , 1 ) = 1.00000000    
darray( 1 , 2 ) = 2.00000000    
darray( 1 , 3 ) = 3.00000000    
darray( 1 , 4 ) = 4.00000000    
darray( 2 , 1 ) = 2.00000000    
darray( 2 , 2 ) = 4.00000000    
darray( 2 , 3 ) = 6.00000000    
darray( 2 , 4 ) = 8.00000000    
darray( 3 , 1 ) = 3.00000000    
darray( 3 , 2 ) = 6.00000000    
darray( 3 , 3 ) = 9.00000000    
darray( 3 , 4 ) = 12.0000000   

使用data語句

data 語句可用於初始化多個陣列,或用於陣列部分的初始化。

data 語句的語法是:

data variable / list / ...

範例

下面的例子演示了這一概念:

program dataStatement
implicit none

   integer :: a(5), b(3,3), c(10),i, j
   data a /7,8,9,10,11/ 
   
   data b(1,:) /1,1,1/ 
   data b(2,:)/2,2,2/ 
   data b(3,:)/3,3,3/ 
   data (c(i),i=1,10,2) /4,5,6,7,8/ 
   data (c(i),i=2,10,2)/5*2/
   
   Print *, 'The A array:'
   do j = 1, 5                
      print*, a(j)           
   end do 
   
   Print *, 'The B array:'
   do i = lbound(b,1), ubound(b,1)
      write(*,*) (b(i,j), j = lbound(b,2), ubound(b,2))
   end do

   Print *, 'The C array:' 
   do j = 1, 10                
      print*, c(j)           
   end do      
   
end program dataStatement

當上述程式碼被編譯和執行時,它產生了以下結果:

The A array:
7
8
9
10
11
The B array:
1  1  1
2  2  2
3  3  3
The C array:
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
2

使用where語句

where語句可以使用陣列中的某些元素在一個表示式,根據一些邏輯條件的結果。它允許表達的執行在一個元素上,如果給定的條件為真。

例子

下面的例子演示了這一概念:

program whereStatement
implicit none

   integer :: a(3,5), i , j
   
   do i = 1,3
      do j = 1, 5                
         a(i,j) = j-i          
      end do 
   end do
   
   Print *, 'The A array:'
   
   do i = lbound(a,1), ubound(a,1)
      write(*,*) (a(i,j), j = lbound(a,2), ubound(a,2))
   end do
   
   where( a<0 ) 
      a = 1 
   elsewhere
      a = 5
   end where
  
   Print *, 'The A array:'
   do i = lbound(a,1), ubound(a,1)
      write(*,*) (a(i,j), j = lbound(a,2), ubound(a,2))
   end do   
   
end program whereStatement

當上述程式碼被編譯和執行時,它產生了以下結果:

The A array:
0   1   2  3  4
-1  0   1  2  3
-2  -1  0  1  2
The A array:
5   5   5  5  5
1   5   5  5  5
1   1   5  5  5