Nextcloud 是用於跨多個裝置儲存和同步資料的軟體套件。你可以從 https://github.com/nextcloud/server 了解有關 Nextcloud 伺服器的更多特性資訊。
本文通過幾個簡單的步驟演示了如何使用 Fedora 和 Nextcloud 構建個人雲。對於本教學,你將需要一台獨立計算機或執行 Fedora 31 伺服器版的虛擬機器,還需要網際網路連線。
在安裝和設定 Nextcloud 之前,必須滿足一些預先條件。
首先,安裝 Apache Web 伺服器:
# dnf install httpd
接下來,安裝 PHP 和一些其他模組。確保所安裝的 PHP 版本符合 Nextcloud 的要求:
# dnf install php php-gd php-mbstring php-intl php-pecl-apcu php-mysqlnd php-pecl-redis php-opcache php-imagick php-zip php-process
安裝 PHP 後,啟用並啟動 Apache Web 伺服器:
# systemctl enable --now httpd
接下來,允許 HTTP 流量穿過防火牆:
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http# firewall-cmd --reload
接下來,安裝 MariaDB 伺服器和用戶端:
# dnf install mariadb mariadb-server
然後啟用並啟動 MariaDB 伺服器
# systemctl enable --now mariadb
現在,MariaDB 正在執行,你可以執行 mysql_secure_installation
命令來保護它:
# mysql_secure_installationNOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need thecurrent password for the root user. If you've just installedMariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the passwordwill be blank, so you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none): <ENTER>OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log intothe MariaDB root user without the proper authorization.Set root password? [Y/n] <ENTER>New password: Your_Password_HereRe-enter new password: Your_Password_HerePassword updated successfully!Reloading privilege tables... ... Success!By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user,allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to havea user account created for them. This is intended only fortesting, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. Youshould remove them before moving into a production environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <ENTER> ... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at theroot password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <ENTER> ... Success!By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' thatanyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, andshould be removed before moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <ENTER> - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changesmade so far will take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <ENTER> ... Success!Cleaning up...All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, yourMariaDB installation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB!
接下來,為你的 Nextcloud 範例建立獨立的使用者和資料庫:
# mysql -p> create database nextcloud;> create user 'nc_admin'@'localhost' identified by 'SeCrEt';> grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to 'nc_admin'@'localhost';> flush privileges;> exit;
現在,你已滿足 Nextcloud 安裝的預先條件,請下載並解壓 Nextcloud 壓縮包:
# wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-17.0.2.zip# unzip nextcloud-17.0.2.zip -d /var/www/html/
接下來,建立一個資料資料夾,並授予 Apache 對 nextcloud
目錄樹的讀寫存取許可權:
# mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data# chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/nextcloud
SELinux 必須設定為可與 Nextcloud 一起使用。基本命令如下所示,但在 nexcloud 安裝中還有很多其他的命令,發布在這裡:Nextcloud SELinux 設定。
# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/3rdparty/aws/aws-sdk-php/src/data/logs(/.*)?'# restorecon -Rv '/var/www/html/nextcloud/'
可以使用它的 Web 介面或在命令列設定 Nextcloud。
在你喜歡的瀏覽器中,存取 http://your_server_ip/nextcloud 並輸入欄位:
在命令列中,只需輸入以下內容,使用你之前在 MariaDB 中建立的獨立 Nextcloud 使用者替換相應的值:
# sudo -u apache php occ maintenance:install --data-dir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data/ --database "mysql" --database-name "nextcloud" --database-user "nc_admin" --database-pass "DB_SeCuRe_PaSsWoRd" --admin-user "admin" --admin-pass "Admin_SeCuRe_PaSsWoRd"
/etc/php.ini
組態檔中的 memory_limit
變數,然後重新啟動 httpd 服務。預設情況下,只能使用 http://localhost/ URL 存取 Web 介面。如果要允許使用其他域名存取,你可編輯 /var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php 來進行此操作。*
字元可用於繞過域名限制,並允許任何解析為伺服器 IP 的 URL 存取。
'trusted_domains' =>array ( 0 => 'localhost', 1 => '*',),