使用Python進行MySQL的庫主要有三個,Python-MySQL(更熟悉的名字可能是MySQLdb),PyMySQL和SQLAlchemy。
Python-MySQL資格最老,核心由C語言打造,介面精煉,效能最棒,缺點是環境依賴較多,安裝複雜,近兩年已停止更新,只支援Python2,不支援Python3。
PyMySQL爲替代Python-MySQL而生,純python打造,介面與Python-MySQL相容,安裝方便,支援Python3。
SQLAlchemy是一個ORM框架,它並不提供底層的數據庫操作,而是要藉助於MySQLdb、PyMySQL等第三方庫來完成,目前SQLAlchemy在Web程式設計領域應用廣泛。
本文主要介紹PyMySQL的正確使用方法,範例程式碼都是選自實戰專案。
簡單的方式:
pip install pymysql
如果無法聯網,需要進行離線安裝,例如:
pip install pymysql-x.x.x.tar.gz
import pymysql
def connect_wxremit_db():
return pymysql.connect(host='10.123.5.28',
port=3306,
user='root',
password='root1234',
database='db_name',
charset='latin1')
def query_country_name(cc2):
sql_str = ("SELECT Fcountry_name_zh"
+ " FROM t_country_code"
+ " WHERE Fcountry_2code='%s'" % (cc2))
logging.info(sql_str)
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute(sql_str)
rows = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
con.close()
assert len(rows) == 1, 'Fatal error: country_code does not exists!'
return rows[0][0]
def insert_file_rec(self, file_name, file_md5):
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
try:
sql_str = ("INSERT INTO t_forward_file (Ffile_name, Ffile_md5)",
+ " VALUES ('%s', '%s')" % (file_name, file_md5))
cur.execute(sql_str)
con.commit()
except:
con.rollback()
logging.exception('Insert operation error')
raise
finally:
cur.close()
con.close()
remit_ids = [('1234', 'CAD'), ('5678', 'HKD')]
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
try:
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO t_order (Fremit_id, Fcur_type, Fcreate_time"
+ " VALUES (%s, %s, now())", new_items)
assert cur.rowcount == len(remit_ids), 'my error message'
con.commit()
except Exception as e:
con.rollback()
logging.exception('Insert operation error')
finally:
cur.close()
con.close()
def update_refund_trans(self, remit_id):
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
try:
sql_str = ("SELECT Fremit_id"
+ " FROM t_wxrefund_trans"
+ " WHERE Fremit_id='%s'" % remit_id
+ " FOR UPDATE")
logging.info(sql_str)
cur.execute(sql_str)
assert cur.rowcount == 1, 'Fatal error: The wx-refund record be deleted!'
sql_str = ("UPDATE t_wxrefund_trans"
+ " SET Fcheck_amount_flag=1"
+ ", Fmodify_time=now()"
+ " WHERE Fremit_id='%s'" % remit_id
logging.info(sql_str)
cur.execute(sql_str)
assert cur.rowcount == 1, 'The number of affected rows not equal to 1'
con.commit()
except:
con.rollback()
logging.exception('Update operation error')
raise
finally:
cur.close()
con.close()
PyMySQL已經相當成熟,和Python-MySQL一樣,它在很多Linux發行版本中都是可選的安裝元件。