如何獲取 Linux 中的目錄大小

你應該已經注意到，在 Linux 中使用 ls 命令 列出的目錄內容中，目錄的大小僅顯示 4KB。這個大小正確嗎？如果不正確，那它代表什麼，又該如何獲取 Linux 中的目錄或資料夾大小？這是一個預設的大小，是用來儲存磁碟上儲存目錄的後設資料的大小。

Linux 上有一些應用程式可以 獲取目錄的實際大小。其中，磁碟使用率（du）命令已被 Linux 管理員廣泛使用。

我將向您展示如何使用各種選項獲取資料夾大小。

什麼是 du 命令?

du 命令 表示 磁碟使用率Disk Usage。這是一個標準的 Unix 程式，用於估計當前工作目錄中的檔案空間使用情況。

它使用遞迴方式總結磁碟使用情況，以獲取目錄及其子目錄的大小。

如同我說的那樣, 使用 ls 命令時，目錄大小僅顯示 4KB。參見下面的輸出。

$ ls -lh | grep ^ddrwxr-xr-x  3 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Aug  2 13:57 Bank_Detailsdrwxr-xr-x  2 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Mar 15  2019 daygeekdrwxr-xr-x  6 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Feb 16  2019 drive-2daygeekdrwxr-xr-x 13 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Jan  6  2019 drive-mageshmdrwxr-xr-x 15 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Sep 29 21:32 Thanu_Photos

1) 在 Linux 上如何只獲取父目錄的大小

使用以下 du 命令格式獲取給定目錄的總大小。在該範例中，我們將得到 /home/daygeek/Documents 目錄的總大小。

$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents或$ du -h --max-depth=0 /home/daygeek/Documents/20G    /home/daygeek/Documents

詳細說明：

• du – 這是一個命令
• -h – 以易讀的格式顯示大小 (例如 1K 234M 2G)
• -s – 僅顯示每個引數的總數
• --max-depth=N – 目錄的列印深度

2) 在 Linux 上如何獲取每個目錄的大小

使用以下 du 命令格式獲取每個目錄（包括子目錄）的總大小。

在該範例中，我們將獲得每個 /home/daygeek/Documents 目錄及其子目錄的總大小。

$ du -h /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -2020G    /home/daygeek/Documents/9.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos5.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera5.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm2.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos2.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month916M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha454M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup415M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video300M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017288M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017226M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017219M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents213M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos163M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent161M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images154M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017150M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016

3) 在 Linux 上如何獲取每個目錄的摘要

使用如下 du 命令格式僅獲取每個目錄的摘要。

$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -109.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm756K    /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details272K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png172K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png164K    /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf132K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png112K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png96K    /home/daygeek/Documents/distro-info.xlsx

4) 在 Linux 上如何獲取每個目錄的不含子目錄的大小

使用如下 du 命令格式來展示每個目錄的總大小，不包括子目錄。

$ du -hS /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -205.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera5.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos2.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos1.5G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm831M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha454M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup300M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017288M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017253M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video226M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017219M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents213M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos163M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent154M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017150M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016127M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2016100M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-201694M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-201792M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images90M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2017

5) 在 Linux 上如何僅獲取一級子目錄的大小

如果要獲取 Linux 上給定目錄的一級子目錄（包括其子目錄）的大小，請使用以下命令格式。

$ du -h --max-depth=1 /home/daygeek/Documents/3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm4.0K    /home/daygeek/Documents/daygeek756K    /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details9.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos20G    /home/daygeek/Documents/

6) 如何在 du 命令輸出中獲得總計

如果要在 du 命令輸出中獲得總計，請使用以下 du 命令格式。

$ du -hsc /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -1020G    total9.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm756K    /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details272K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png172K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png164K    /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf132K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png112K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png