關於php捕捉錯誤的詳解
2020-07-16 10:06:20
php捕捉錯誤的方法：1、使用「try{}catch()」方法捕捉錯誤；2、通過「set_error_handler」函數捕捉「E_NOTICE」等；3、利用「set_exception_handler」設定預設的例外處理程式。
php錯誤及異常捕捉
在實際開發中，錯誤及異常捕捉僅僅靠try{}catch()是遠遠不夠的。
所以參照以下幾中函數。
a) set_error_handler
一般用於捕捉 E_NOTICE 、E_USER_ERROR、E_USER_WARNING、E_USER_NOTICE
不能捕捉：
E_ERROR, E_PARSE, E_CORE_ERROR, E_CORE_WARNING, E_COMPILE_ERROR and E_COMPILE_WARNING。
一般與trigger_error("...", E_USER_ERROR)，配合使用。
<?php
// we will do our own error handling
error_reporting(0);
function userErrorHandler($errno, $errmsg, $filename, $linenum, $vars)
{
// timestamp for the error entry
$dt = date("Y-m-d H:i:s (T)");
// define an assoc array of error string
// in reality the only entries we should
// consider are E_WARNING, E_NOTICE, E_USER_ERROR,
// E_USER_WARNING and E_USER_NOTICE
$errortype = array (
E_ERROR => 'Error',
E_WARNING => 'Warning',
E_PARSE => 'Parsing Error',
E_NOTICE => 'Notice',
E_CORE_ERROR => 'Core Error',
E_CORE_WARNING => 'Core Warning',
E_COMPILE_ERROR => 'Compile Error',
E_COMPILE_WARNING => 'Compile Warning',
E_USER_ERROR => 'User Error',
E_USER_WARNING => 'User Warning',
E_USER_NOTICE => 'User Notice',
E_STRICT => 'Runtime Notice',
E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR => 'Catchable Fatal Error'
);
// set of errors for which a var trace will be saved
$user_errors = array(E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING, E_USER_NOTICE);
$err = "<errorentry>n";
$err .= "t<datetime>" . $dt . "</datetime>n";
$err .= "t<errornum>" . $errno . "</errornum>n";
$err .= "t<errortype>" . $errortype[$errno] . "</errortype>n";
$err .= "t<errormsg>" . $errmsg . "</errormsg>n";
$err .= "t<scriptname>" . $filename . "</scriptname>n";
$err .= "t<scriptlinenum>" . $linenum . "</scriptlinenum>n";
if (in_array($errno, $user_errors)) {
$err .= "t<vartrace>" . wddx_serialize_value($vars, "Variables") . "</vartrace>n";
}
$err .= "</errorentry>nn";
echo $err;
}
function distance($vect1, $vect2) {
if (!is_array($vect1) || !is_array($vect2)) {
trigger_error("Incorrect parameters, arrays expected", E_USER_ERROR);
return NULL;
}
if (count($vect1) != count($vect2)) {
trigger_error("Vectors need to be of the same size", E_USER_ERROR);
return NULL;
}
for ($i=0; $i<count($vect1); $i++) {
$c1 = $vect1[$i]; $c2 = $vect2[$i];
$d = 0.0;
if (!is_numeric($c1)) {
trigger_error("Coordinate $i in vector 1 is not a number, using zero",E_USER_WARNING);
$c1 = 0.0;
}
if (!is_numeric($c2)) {
trigger_error("Coordinate $i in vector 2 is not a number, using zero",E_USER_WARNING);
$c2 = 0.0;
}
$d += $c2*$c2 - $c1*$c1;
}
return sqrt($d);
}
$old_error_handle = set_error_handler("userErrorHandler");
$t = I_AM_NOT_DEFINED;//generates a warning
// define some "vectors"
$a = array(2, 3, "foo");
$b = array(5.5, 4.3, -1.6);
$c = array(1, -3);
//generate a user error
$t1 = distance($c,$b);
// generate another user error
$t2 = distance($b, "i am not an array") . "n";
// generate a warning
$t3 = distance($a, $b) . "n";
?>
b) set_exception_handler
設定預設的例外處理程式，用於沒有用 try/catch 塊來捕獲的異常。 在 exception_handler 呼叫後異常會中止。
與throw new Exception('Uncaught Exception occurred')，連用。
<?php
// we will do our own error handling
error_reporting(0);
function exceptHandle($errno, $errmsg, $filename, $linenum, $vars)
{
// timestamp for the error entry
$dt = date("Y-m-d H:i:s (T)");
// define an assoc array of error string
// in reality the only entries we should
// consider are E_WARNING, E_NOTICE, E_USER_ERROR,
// E_USER_WARNING and E_USER_NOTICE
$errortype = array (
E_ERROR => 'Error',
E_WARNING => 'Warning',
E_PARSE => 'Parsing Error',
E_NOTICE => 'Notice',
E_CORE_ERROR => 'Core Error',
E_CORE_WARNING => 'Core Warning',
E_COMPILE_ERROR => 'Compile Error',
E_COMPILE_WARNING => 'Compile Warning',
E_USER_ERROR => 'User Error',
E_USER_WARNING => 'User Warning',
E_USER_NOTICE => 'User Notice',
E_STRICT => 'Runtime Notice',
E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR => 'Catchable Fatal Error'
);
// set of errors for which a var trace will be saved
$err = "<errorentry>n";
$err .= "t<datetime>" . $dt . "</datetime>n";
$err .= "t<errornum>" . $errno . "</errornum>n";
$err .= "t<errortype>" . $errortype[$errno] . "</errortype>n";
$err .= "t<errormsg>" . $errmsg . "</errormsg>n";
$err .= "t<scriptname>" . $filename . "</scriptname>n";
$err .= "t<scriptlinenum>" . $linenum . "</scriptlinenum>n";
if (1) {
$err .= "t<vartrace>" . wddx_serialize_value($vars, "Variables") . "</vartrace>n";
}
$err .= "</errorentry>nn";
echo $err;
}
$old_except_handle = set_exception_handler("exceptHandle");
//$t = I_AM_NOT_DEFINED;//generates a warning
$a;
throw new Exception('Uncaught Exception occurred');
?>
c) register_shutdown_function
執行機制是：php把要呼叫的函數調入記憶體。當頁面所有ＰＨＰ語句都執行完成時，再呼叫此函數。
一般與trigger_error("...", E_USER_ERROR)，配合使用。
<?php
error_reporting(0);
date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai');
register_shutdown_function('my_exception_handler');
$t = I_AM_NOT_DEFINED;//generates a warning
trigger_error("Vectors need to be of the same size", E_USER_ERROR);
function my_exception_handler()
{
if($e = error_get_last()) {
//$e['type']對應php_error常數
$message = '';
$message .= "出錯資訊:t".$e['message']."nn";
$message .= "出錯檔案:t".$e['file']."nn";
$message .= "出錯行數:t".$e['line']."nn";
$message .= "tt請工程師檢查出現程式".$e['file']."出現錯誤的原因n";
$message .= "tt希望能您早點解決故障出現的原因<br/>";
echo $message;
//sendemail to
}
}
?>c) restore_error_handler()函數
定義和用法 restore_error_handler() 函數恢復之前的錯誤處理程式，該程式是由 set_error_handler() 函數改變的。
該函數永遠返回 true。
是 set_error_handler()的反函數。
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