關於升級PHP7操作MongoDB

使用 PHP+MongoDB 的使用者很多，因為 MongoDB 對非結構化資料的儲存很方便。在 PHP5 及以前，官方提供了兩個擴充套件，Mongo 和 MongoDB，其中 Mongo 是對以 MongoClient 等幾個核心類為基礎的類群進行操作，封裝得很方便，所以基本上都會選擇 Mongo 擴充套件。

詳情請見官方手冊：https://www.php.net/manual/zh/book.mongo.php

但是隨著 PHP5 升級到 PHP7，官方不再支援 Mongo 擴充套件，只支援 MongoDB，而 PHP7 的效能提升巨大，讓人無法割捨，所以怎麼把 Mongo 替換成 MongoDB 成為了一個亟待解決的問題。MongoDB 引入了名稱空間，但是功能封裝非常差，如果非要用原生的擴充套件，幾乎意味著寫原生的 Mongo 語句。這種想法很違背 ORM 簡化 DB IO 操作帶來的語法問題而專注邏輯優化的思路。

詳情也可參見官方手冊：https://www.php.net/manual/zh/set.mongodb.php

在這種情況之下，MongoDB 官方忍不住了，為了方便使用，增加市場佔有率，推出了基於MongoDB 擴充套件的庫：https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-php-library

該庫的詳細文件見：https://docs.mongodb.com/php-library/current/reference/

MongoDB 驅動

如果使用原驅動的話，大致語法如下：

<?php
use MongoDBDriverManager;
use MongoDBDriverBulkWrite;
use MongoDBDriverWriteConcern;
use MongoDBDriverQuery;
use MongoDBDriverCommand;
class MongoDb {
    protected $mongodb;
    protected $database;
    protected $collection;
    protected $bulk;
    protected $writeConcern;
    protected $defaultConfig
        = [
            'hostname' => 'localhost',
            'port' => '27017',
            'username' => '',
            'password' => '',
            'database' => 'test'
        ];
    public function __construct($config) {
        $config = array_merge($this->defaultConfig, $config);
        $mongoServer = "mongodb://";
        if ($config['username']) {
            $mongoServer .= $config['username'] . ':' . $config['password'] . '@';
        }
        $mongoServer .= $config['hostname'];
        if ($config['port']) {
            $mongoServer .= ':' . $config['port'];
        }
        $mongoServer .= '/' . $config['database'];
        $this->mongodb = new Manager($mongoServer);
        $this->database = $config['database'];
        $this->collection = $config['collection'];
        $this->bulk = new BulkWrite();
        $this->writeConcern = new WriteConcern(WriteConcern::MAJORITY, 100);
    }
    public function query($where = [], $option = []) {
        $query = new Query($where, $option);
        $result = $this->mongodb->executeQuery("$this->database.$this->collection", $query);
        return json_encode($result);
    }
    public function count($where = []) {
        $command = new Command(['count' => $this->collection, 'query' => $where]);
        $result = $this->mongodb->executeCommand($this->database, $command);
        $res = $result->toArray();
        $count = 0;
        if ($res) {
            $count = $res[0]->n;
        }
        return $count;
    }
    public function update($where = [], $update = [], $upsert = false) {
        $this->bulk->update($where, ['$set' => $update], ['multi' => true, 'upsert' => $upsert]);
        $result = $this->mongodb->executeBulkWrite("$this->database.$this->collection", $this->bulk, $this->writeConcern);
        return $result->getModifiedCount();
    }
    public function insert($data = []) {
        $this->bulk->insert($data);
        $result = $this->mongodb->executeBulkWrite("$this->database.$this->collection", $this->bulk, $this->writeConcern);
        return $result->getInsertedCount();
    }
    public function delete($where = [], $limit = 1) {
        $this->bulk->delete($where, ['limit' => $limit]);
        $result = $this->mongodb->executeBulkWrite("$this->database.$this->collection", $this->bulk, $this->writeConcern);
        return $result->getDeletedCount();
    }
}

這樣的語法和之前差異太大，改動不方便，換 PHP MongoDB 庫

MongoDB 庫

1.連線

原

new MongoClient();

新

new MongoDBClient();

2.新增

原

$collention->insert($array, $options);

新

$resultOne = $collention->insertOne($array, $options);//單
$lastId = $resultOne->getInsertedId();
$resultMany = $collention->insertMany($array, $options);//多
$count = $resultMany->getInsertedCount();

3.修改

原

$collention->update($condition, [
    '$set' => $values
,[
    'multiple' => true//多條，單條false
]);

新

$collection->updateOne(
    ['state' => 'ny'],
    ['$set' => ['country' => 'us']]
);
$updateResult = $collection->updateMany(
    ['state' => 'ny'],
    ['$set' => ['country' => 'us']]
);
$count = $updateResult->getModifiedCount();

4.查詢

原

$cursor = $collection->find($condition, [
    'name' => true//指定欄位
]);
$cursor->skip(5);
$cursor->limit(5);
$cursor->sort([
    'time' => -1
]);

新

$cursor = $collection->find($condition, [
    'skip' => 5,
    'limit' => 5,
    'sort' => [
        'time' => -1
    ],//排序
    'projection' => [
        'name' => 1//指定欄位
    ]
]);

5.刪除

原

$collention->remove($condition, [
    'justOne' => false//刪單條
]);
$collention->remove([]);//刪所有

新

$result = $collention->deleteOne($condition, $options);
$collention->deleteMany($condition, $options);
$result->getDeletedCount();

補充

有些人可能習慣以類似 MySQL 的自增 ID 來處理資料，以前可能使用 findAndModify() 方法來查詢並修改：

$collention->findAndModify([
    '_id' => $tableName//我在自增表中用其它的表名作主鍵
], [
    '$inc' => ['id' => 1]//自增
], [
    '_id' => 0
], [
    'new' => 1//返回修改後的結果，預設是修改前的
]);

現在使用 MongoDB 庫的話需要修改為：

$collention->findOneAndUpdate([
    '_id' => $tableName
], [
    '$inc' => ['id' => 1]
], [
    'projection' => ['id' => 1],
    'returnDocument' => MongoDBOperationFindOneAndUpdate::RETURN_DOCUMENT_AFTER
]);

類似的還有 findOneAndDelete() findOneAndReplace()，更多內容可見文件

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