技術文章 » TLP：一個可以延長 Linux 筆電電池壽命的高階電源管理工具

TLP：一個可以延長 Linux 筆電電池壽命的高階電源管理工具

2019-05-13 09:44:00

筆電電池是針對 Windows 作業系統進行了高度優化的，當我在筆記型電腦中使用 Windows 作業系統時，我已經意識到這一點，但對於 Linux 來說卻不一樣。

多年來，Linux 在電池優化方面取得了很大進步，但我們仍然需要做一些必要的事情來改善 Linux 中筆記型電腦的電池壽命。

當我考慮延長電池壽命時，我沒有多少選擇，但我覺得 TLP 對我來說是一個更好的解決方案，所以我會繼續使用它。

在本教學中，我們將詳細討論 TLP 以延長電池壽命。

我們之前在我們的網站上寫過三篇關於 Linux 筆電電池節電工具 的文章：PowerTOP 和 電池充電狀態。

TLP

TLP 是一款自由開源的高階電源管理工具，可在不進行任何設定更改的情況下延長電池壽命。

由於它的預設設定已針對電池壽命進行了優化，因此你可能只需要安裝，然後就忘記它吧。

此外，它可以高度客製化化，以滿足你的特定要求。TLP 是一個具有自動後台任務的純命令列工具。它不包含GUI。

TLP 適用於各種品牌的筆記型電腦。設定電池充電閾值僅適用於 IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad。

所有 TLP 設定都儲存在 /etc/default/tlp 中。其預設設定提供了開箱即用的優化的節能設定。

以下 TLP 設定可用於自定義，如果需要，你可以相應地進行必要的更改。

TLP 功能

  • 核心筆記型電腦模式和臟緩衝區超時
  • 處理器頻率調整，包括 “turbo boost”/“turbo core”
  • 限制最大/最小的 P 狀態以控制 CPU 的功耗
  • HWP 能源效能提示
  • 用於多核/超執行緒的功率感知進程排程程式
  • 處理器效能與節能策略（x86_energy_perf_policy）
  • 硬碟高階電源管理級別（APM）和降速超時（按磁碟）
  • AHCI 鏈路電源管理（ALPM）與裝置黑名單
  • PCIe 活動狀態電源管理（PCIe ASPM）
  • PCI(e) 匯流排裝置的執行時電源管理
  • Radeon 圖形電源管理（KMS 和 DPM）
  • Wifi 省電模式
  • 關閉驅動器托架中的光碟驅動器
  • 音訊省電模式
  • I/O 排程程式（按磁碟）
  • USB 自動暫停，支援裝置黑名單/白名單（輸入裝置自動排除）
  • 在系統啟動和關閉時啟用或禁用整合的 wifi、藍牙或 wwan 裝置
  • 在系統啟動時恢復無線電裝置狀態（從之前的關機時的狀態）
  • 無線電裝置嚮導：在網路連線/斷開和停靠/取消停靠時切換無線電
  • 禁用 LAN 喚醒
  • 掛起/休眠後恢復整合的 WWAN 和藍牙狀態
  • 英特爾處理器的動態電源降低 —— 需要核心和 PHC-Patch 支援
  • 電池充電閾值 —— 僅限 ThinkPad
  • 重新校準電池 —— 僅限 ThinkPad

如何在 Linux 上安裝 TLP

TLP 包在大多數發行版官方儲存庫中都可用，因此，使用發行版的 包管理器 來安裝它。

對於 Fedora 系統，使用 DNF 命令 安裝 TLP。

$ sudo dnf install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加軟體包。

$ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm$ sudo dnf install http://repo.linrunner.de/fedora/tlp/repos/releases/tlp-release.fc$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm$ sudo dnf install akmod-tp_smapi akmod-acpi_call kernel-devel

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

$ sudo dnf install smartmontools

對於 Debian/Ubuntu 系統，使用 APT-GET 命令 或 APT 命令 安裝 TLP。

$ sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加軟體包。

$ sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

當基於 Ubuntu 的系統的官方軟體包過時時，請使用以下 PPA 儲存庫，該儲存庫提供最新版本。執行以下命令以使用 PPA 安裝 TLP。

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp$ sudo apt-get update$ sudo apt-get install tlp

對於基於 Arch Linux 的系統，使用 Pacman 命令 安裝 TLP。

$ sudo pacman -S tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加軟體包。

$ pacman -S tp_smapi acpi_call

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

$ sudo pacman -S smartmontools

對於基於 Arch Linux 的系統，在啟動時啟用 TLP 和 TLP-Sleep 服務。

$ sudo systemctl enable tlp.service$ sudo systemctl enable tlp-sleep.service

對於基於 Arch Linux 的系統，你還應該遮蔽以下服務以避免衝突，並確保 TLP 的無線電裝置切換選項的正確操作。

$ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.service$ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.socket

對於 RHEL/CentOS 系統，使用 YUM 命令 安裝 TLP。

$ sudo yum install tlp tlp-rdw

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

$ sudo yum install smartmontools

對於 openSUSE Leap 系統，使用 Zypper 命令 安裝 TLP。

$ sudo zypper install TLP

安裝 smartmontool 以顯示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 資料。

$ sudo zypper install smartmontools

成功安裝 TLP 後，使用以下命令啟動服務。

$ systemctl start tlp.service

使用方法

顯示電池資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -b或$ sudo tlp-stat --battery
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ Battery Status/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer                   = SMP/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name                     = L14M4P23/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count                    = (not supported)/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design             =  60000 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full                    =  48850 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now                     =  48850 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now                      =      0 [mW]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status                         = FullCharge                                                      =  100.0 [%]Capacity                                                    =   81.4 [%]

顯示磁碟資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -d或$ sudo tlp-stat --disk
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ Storage Devices/dev/sda:  Model     = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1                      Firmware  = 02.01A02  APM Level = 128  Status    = active/idle  Scheduler = mq-deadline  Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)  SMART info:      4 Start_Stop_Count          =    18787       5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct     =        0       9 Power_On_Hours            =      606 [h]     12 Power_Cycle_Count         =     1792     193 Load_Cycle_Count          =    25775     194 Temperature_Celsius       =       31    [°C]+++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm+++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on

顯示 PCI 裝置資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -e或$ sudo tlp-stat --pcie
$ sudo tlp-stat -eor$ sudo tlp-stat --pcie--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ Runtime Power ManagementDevice blacklist = (not configured)Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.0/power/control = auto (0x0c0330, USB controller, xhci_hcd)......

顯示圖形卡資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -g或$ sudo tlp-stat --graphics
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ Intel Graphics/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc        = -1 (use per-chip default)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc       =  1 (enabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr       =  0 (disabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset          = -1 (use per-chip default)

顯示處理器資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -p或$ sudo tlp-stat --processor
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ ProcessorCPU model      = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver    = intel_pstate/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor  = powersave/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq  =   800000 [kHz]/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq  =  3500000 [kHz]/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_preference = balance_power/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_available_preferences = default performance balance_performance balance_power power ....../sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct      =  22 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct      = 100 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo          =   0/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct         =  33 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates       =  28x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed./sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient       = Y/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog                          = 0+++ UndervoltingPHC kernel not available.

顯示系統資料資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -s或$ sudo tlp-stat --system
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ System InfoSystem         = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NVBIOS           = CDCN35WWRelease        = "Manjaro Linux"Kernel         = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64/proc/cmdline  = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573bInit system    = systemd Boot mode      = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)+++ TLP StatusState          = enabledLast run       = 11:04:00  IST,    596 sec(s) agoMode           = batteryPower source   = battery

顯示溫度和風扇速度資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -t或$ sudo tlp-stat --temp
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ TemperaturesCPU temp               =    36 [°C]Fan speed              = (not available)

顯示 USB 裝置資料資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -u或$ sudo tlp-stat --usb
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ USBAutosuspend         = disabledDevice whitelist    = (not configured)Device blacklist    = (not configured)Bluetooth blacklist = disabledPhone blacklist     = disabledWWAN blacklist      = enabledBus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms =     0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms =  2000 -- Syntek  (uvcvideo)......

顯示警告資訊

$ sudo tlp-stat -w或$ sudo tlp-stat --warn
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------No warnings detected.

狀態報告及設定和所有活動的設定

$ sudo tlp-stat
--- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------+++ Configured Settings: /etc/default/tlpTLP_ENABLE=1TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=ACTLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=0DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60......+++ System InfoSystem = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NVBIOS = CDCN35WWRelease = "Manjaro Linux"Kernel = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64/proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573bInit system = systemdBoot mode = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)+++ TLP StatusState = enabledLast run = 11:04:00 IST, 684 sec(s) agoMode = batteryPower source = battery+++ ProcessorCPU model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave....../sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 22 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct = 33 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates = 28x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed./sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient = Y/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0+++ UndervoltingPHC kernel not available.+++ TemperaturesCPU temp = 42 [°C]Fan speed = (not available)+++ File System/proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode = 2/proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs = 6000/proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000/proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio = 20/proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio = 10+++ Storage Devices/dev/sda: Model = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1 Firmware = 02.01A02 APM Level = 128 Status = active/idle Scheduler = mq-deadline Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available) SMART info: 4 Start_Stop_Count = 18787 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 0 9 Power_On_Hours = 606 [h] 12 Power_Cycle_Count = 1792 193 Load_Cycle_Count = 25777 194 Temperature_Celsius = 31 [°C]+++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm+++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on+++ PCIe Active State Power Management/sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy = powersave+++ Intel Graphics/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc = -1 (use per-chip default)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = 1 (enabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr = 0 (disabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset = -1 (use per-chip default)+++ Wirelessbluetooth = onwifi = onwwan = none (no device)hci0(btusb) : bluetooth, not connectedwlp8s0(iwlwifi) : wifi, connected, power management = on+++ Audio/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save = 1/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save_controller = Y+++ Runtime Power ManagementDevice blacklist = (not configured)Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)......+++ USBAutosuspend = disabledDevice whitelist = (not configured)Device blacklist = (not configured)Bluetooth blacklist = disabledPhone blacklist = disabledWWAN blacklist = enabledBus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Syntek (uvcvideo)Bus 001 Device 002 ID 17ef:6053 control = on, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Lenovo (usbhid)Bus 001 Device 004 ID 8087:0a2b control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Intel Corp. (btusb)Bus 001 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0002 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub (hub)+++ Battery Status/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer = SMP/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name = L14M4P23/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count = (not supported)/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design = 60000 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full = 51690 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now = 50140 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now = 12185 [mW]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status = DischargingCharge = 97.0 [%]Capacity = 86.2 [%]