技術文章 » kali安裝Zsh（以及踩的坑）

kali安裝Zsh（以及踩的坑）

2020-08-12 17:50:35

首先，kali是debian系的，所以雖然我寫的關於kali的方法也適用於其它debian系的系統，譬如ubuntu，以下內容綜合了其他博主的內容。

初識Zsh

以下內容引自「OG完美主義者」，原文地址

目前大部分 Linux 發行版的預設 Shell 仍然是 BASH，有個別例外。Z shell（Zsh）是另外一款 shell 命令直譯器。Zsh 對 Bourne shell 做出了大量改進，同時加入了 Bash、ksh 及 tcsh 的某些功能，是目前特別受 Linux 粉絲喜歡的一個 Shell 程式。

Zsh是怎麼來的

Zsh 最早是保羅·弗斯塔德於1990年在普林斯頓大學求學期間編寫的。Zsh 的名稱源於耶魯大學的邵中（Zhong Shao）教授，由於邵教授的電腦使用者名稱就是爲 zsh，所以這個新 Shell 程式也就因此得名了。

Zsh有哪些特性

Zsh 擁有很多友好的特性，因此一經推出就受到很多Linux愛好者的狂熱追隨。它最吸引人的特性包括：

預設支援命令選項和參數的自動補全功能
無需外部程式即可通過檔案擴充套件匹配檔案（自動識別大小寫）
在單緩衝區內編輯多行命令
拼寫檢查及多種相容模式
支援大量擴充套件主題和外掛

獲取Zsh

安裝Zsh

zsh 的安裝命令如下：

sudo apt-get install zsh

安裝完成之後，輸入which zsh你可以看到zsh的安裝目錄，選擇 zsh 檔案的路徑，將其設定爲系統的預設 shell，重新啓動系統後，預設 shell 就是 zsh 了！

➜  ~ which zsh
/usr/bin/zsh
➜  ~ chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh
密碼：
➜  ~

使用oh-my-zsh

和 Bash 的預設使用者組態檔 .bashrc 類似，Zsh 安裝之後也會在當前使用者的主目錄下生成 .zshrc 組態檔。你可以手動編輯這個檔案，讓它更好的滿足你的日常使用習慣，當然這對於初學者並不輕鬆。

爲了更好的設定 Zsh ，開源社羣開發了 oh-my-zsh 框架，用於方便的管理 Zsh 的設定工作。所以接下來我們需要執行 oh-my-zsh 的安裝指令：

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

此處會出現一個大坑，你會發現操作無效，像這樣
在这里插入图片描述
大概率是大中華區域網的原因，想辦法存取國際網際網路後發現安裝oh-my-zsh要用的那個指令碼是這樣的
在这里插入图片描述
把下面 下麪的內容複製貼上到kali裏面，命名檔案爲install.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# This script should be run via curl:
#   sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# or wget:
#   sh -c "$(wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
#
# As an alternative, you can first download the install script and run it afterwards:
#   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh
#   sh install.sh
#
# You can tweak the install behavior by setting variables when running the script. For
# example, to change the path to the Oh My Zsh repository:
#   ZSH=~/.zsh sh install.sh
#
# Respects the following environment variables:
#   ZSH     - path to the Oh My Zsh repository folder (default: $HOME/.oh-my-zsh)
#   REPO    - name of the GitHub repo to install from (default: ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh)
#   REMOTE  - full remote URL of the git repo to install (default: GitHub via HTTPS)
#   BRANCH  - branch to check out immediately after install (default: master)
#
# Other options:
#   CHSH       - 'no' means the installer will not change the default shell (default: yes)
#   RUNZSH     - 'no' means the installer will not run zsh after the install (default: yes)
#   KEEP_ZSHRC - 'yes' means the installer will not replace an existing .zshrc (default: no)
#
# You can also pass some arguments to the install script to set some these options:
#   --skip-chsh: has the same behavior as setting CHSH to 'no'
#   --unattended: sets both CHSH and RUNZSH to 'no'
#   --keep-zshrc: sets KEEP_ZSHRC to 'yes'
# For example:
#   sh install.sh --unattended
#
set -e

# Default settings
ZSH=${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}
REPO=${REPO:-ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh}
REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://github.com/${REPO}.git}
BRANCH=${BRANCH:-master}

# Other options
CHSH=${CHSH:-yes}
RUNZSH=${RUNZSH:-yes}
KEEP_ZSHRC=${KEEP_ZSHRC:-no}


command_exists() {
	command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
}

error() {
	echo ${RED}"Error: $@"${RESET} >&2
}

setup_color() {
	# Only use colors if connected to a terminal
	if [ -t 1 ]; then
		RED=$(printf '\033[31m')
		GREEN=$(printf '\033[32m')
		YELLOW=$(printf '\033[33m')
		BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')
		BOLD=$(printf '\033[1m')
		RESET=$(printf '\033[m')
	else
		RED=""
		GREEN=""
		YELLOW=""
		BLUE=""
		BOLD=""
		RESET=""
	fi
}

setup_ohmyzsh() {
	# Prevent the cloned repository from having insecure permissions. Failing to do
	# so causes compinit() calls to fail with "command not found: compdef" errors
	# for users with insecure umasks (e.g., "002", allowing group writability). Note
	# that this will be ignored under Cygwin by default, as Windows ACLs take
	# precedence over umasks except for filesystems mounted with option "noacl".
	umask g-w,o-w

	echo "${BLUE}Cloning Oh My Zsh...${RESET}"

	command_exists git || {
		error "git is not installed"
		exit 1
	}

	if [ "$OSTYPE" = cygwin ] && git --version | grep -q msysgit; then
		error "Windows/MSYS Git is not supported on Cygwin"
		error "Make sure the Cygwin git package is installed and is first on the \$PATH"
		exit 1
	fi

	git clone -c core.eol=lf -c core.autocrlf=false \
		-c fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		-c fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		-c receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		--depth=1 --branch "$BRANCH" "$REMOTE" "$ZSH" || {
		error "git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed"
		exit 1
	}

	echo
}

setup_zshrc() {
	# Keep most recent old .zshrc at .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh, and older ones
	# with datestamp of installation that moved them aside, so we never actually
	# destroy a user's original zshrc
	echo "${BLUE}Looking for an existing zsh config...${RESET}"

	# Must use this exact name so uninstall.sh can find it
	OLD_ZSHRC=~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh
	if [ -f ~/.zshrc ] || [ -h ~/.zshrc ]; then
		# Skip this if the user doesn't want to replace an existing .zshrc
		if [ $KEEP_ZSHRC = yes ]; then
			echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Keeping...${RESET}"
			return
		fi
		if [ -e "$OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
			OLD_OLD_ZSHRC="${OLD_ZSHRC}-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"
			if [ -e "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
				error "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC exists. Can't back up ${OLD_ZSHRC}"
				error "re-run the installer again in a couple of seconds"
				exit 1
			fi
			mv "$OLD_ZSHRC" "${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}"

			echo "${YELLOW}Found old ~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh." \
				"${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
		fi
		echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
		mv ~/.zshrc "$OLD_ZSHRC"
	fi

	echo "${GREEN}Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.${RESET}"

	sed "/^export ZSH=/ c\\
export ZSH=\"$ZSH\"
" "$ZSH/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" > ~/.zshrc-omztemp
	mv -f ~/.zshrc-omztemp ~/.zshrc

	echo
}

setup_shell() {
	# Skip setup if the user wants or stdin is closed (not running interactively).
	if [ $CHSH = no ]; then
		return
	fi

	# If this user's login shell is already "zsh", do not attempt to switch.
	if [ "$(basename "$SHELL")" = "zsh" ]; then
		return
	fi

	# If this platform doesn't provide a "chsh" command, bail out.
	if ! command_exists chsh; then
		cat <<-EOF
			I can't change your shell automatically because this system does not have chsh.
			${BLUE}Please manually change your default shell to zsh${RESET}
		EOF
		return
	fi

	echo "${BLUE}Time to change your default shell to zsh:${RESET}"

	# Prompt for user choice on changing the default login shell
	printf "${YELLOW}Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n]${RESET} "
	read opt
	case $opt in
		y*|Y*|"") echo "Changing the shell..." ;;
		n*|N*) echo "Shell change skipped."; return ;;
		*) echo "Invalid choice. Shell change skipped."; return ;;
	esac

	# Check if we're running on Termux
	case "$PREFIX" in
		*com.termux*) termux=true; zsh=zsh ;;
		*) termux=false ;;
	esac

	if [ "$termux" != true ]; then
		# Test for the right location of the "shells" file
		if [ -f /etc/shells ]; then
			shells_file=/etc/shells
		elif [ -f /usr/share/defaults/etc/shells ]; then # Solus OS
			shells_file=/usr/share/defaults/etc/shells
		else
			error "could not find /etc/shells file. Change your default shell manually."
			return
		fi

		# Get the path to the right zsh binary
		# 1. Use the most preceding one based on $PATH, then check that it's in the shells file
		# 2. If that fails, get a zsh path from the shells file, then check it actually exists
		if ! zsh=$(which zsh) || ! grep -qx "$zsh" "$shells_file"; then
			if ! zsh=$(grep '^/.*/zsh$' "$shells_file" | tail -1) || [ ! -f "$zsh" ]; then
				error "no zsh binary found or not present in '$shells_file'"
				error "change your default shell manually."
				return
			fi
		fi
	fi

	# We're going to change the default shell, so back up the current one
	if [ -n "$SHELL" ]; then
		echo $SHELL > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
	else
		grep "^$USER:" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
	fi

	# Actually change the default shell to zsh
	if ! chsh -s "$zsh"; then
		error "chsh command unsuccessful. Change your default shell manually."
	else
		export SHELL="$zsh"
		echo "${GREEN}Shell successfully changed to '$zsh'.${RESET}"
	fi

	echo
}

main() {
	# Run as unattended if stdin is closed
	if [ ! -t 0 ]; then
		RUNZSH=no
		CHSH=no
	fi

	# Parse arguments
	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
		case $1 in
			--unattended) RUNZSH=no; CHSH=no ;;
			--skip-chsh) CHSH=no ;;
			--keep-zshrc) KEEP_ZSHRC=yes ;;
		esac
		shift
	done

	setup_color

	if ! command_exists zsh; then
		echo "${YELLOW}Zsh is not installed.${RESET} Please install zsh first."
		exit 1
	fi

	if [ -d "$ZSH" ]; then
		cat <<-EOF
			${YELLOW}You already have Oh My Zsh installed.${RESET}
			You'll need to remove '$ZSH' if you want to reinstall.
		EOF
		exit 1
	fi

	setup_ohmyzsh
	setup_zshrc
	setup_shell

	printf "$GREEN"
	cat <<-'EOF'
		         __                                     __
		  ____  / /_     ____ ___  __  __   ____  _____/ /_
		 / __ \/ __ \   / __ `__ \/ / / /  /_  / / ___/ __ \
		/ /_/ / / / /  / / / / / / /_/ /    / /_(__  ) / / /
		\____/_/ /_/  /_/ /_/ /_/\__, /    /___/____/_/ /_/
		                        /____/                       ....is now installed!


		Before you scream Oh My Zsh! please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.

		• Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh
		• Join our Discord server: https://discord.gg/ohmyzsh
		• Get stickers, shirts, coffee mugs and other swag: https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh

	EOF
	printf "$RESET"

	if [ $RUNZSH = no ]; then
		echo "${YELLOW}Run zsh to try it out.${RESET}"
		exit
	fi

	exec zsh -l
}

main "$@"

安裝oh-my-zsh

給指令碼加可執行許可權：chmod +x install.sh
執行指令碼：./install.sh
在这里插入图片描述

新的終端Zsh

安裝指令碼會在使用者主目錄下生成 .oh-my-zsh 目錄，其中的 themes 目錄中預設會包含140多個主題檔案，你可以按照自己的喜好從中選擇，你下面 下麪看到的主題是Zsh的預設主題：ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"。oh-my-zsh包含了所有的主題，zshrc是需要修改的組態檔
在这里插入图片描述

修改主題

選擇一個什麼樣的主題，可以去zsh的github上預覽，選擇一個你喜歡的主題，地址
一個好的習慣是備份檔案，我這裏先備份以下原始的zshrc檔案cp ~/.zshrc ~/.zshrc.bak，我這裏確認使用agnoster主題，輸入vim ~/.zshrc來修改主題：
你會看到這樣的介面，把其中的robbyrussell替換爲你喜歡的主題名字，然後儲存退出
在这里插入图片描述
輸入source ~/.zshrc使組態檔重新載入生效

主題排雷

可能你選擇的主題能夠正常使用，而我選擇的主題會出錯，這個官方也給出了說明，下面 下麪來說一下怎樣解決agnoster主題亂碼問題
在这里插入图片描述