從【抓包分析】到【程式碼實戰】，實現下載某破站視訊（附原始碼）
2023-10-23 12:01:12
一、前言
前兩天，我的鄰居找到我，問我某破站的視訊能否幫她下載成mp4格式？
網上應該有很多的下載工具，但是如果直接讓她網上找，那麼無法彰顯我程式設計師大神的威武形象。因此我回復她，程式設計師大神是無敵的，只要在瀏覽器上能看到的東西，都能用程式拿到。只要在瀏覽器上用手能操作的東西，都能用程式操作。只要......
我發現我的鄰居，已經悄然成為了我的產品經理，這些年著實給我提了不少產品思路哈哈哈。
二、需求分析
其實要做的功能，非常簡單。從某破站上開啟一個視訊，從瀏覽器位址列拿到這個視訊的地址，然後貼上到我開發的程式中，程式自動將相應的視訊下載下來變成mp4格式。
乾脆，我把程式放到我的雲伺服器上，這樣不但鄰居可以使用，世界各地的美女帥哥都能使用。如果用的人多了，我給他變成收費模式，下載一個視訊收1分錢，一天如果有1萬個人下載，不就能收100元嗎？一個月30天，那就是3萬，一年365天，那就是365*3萬=1095萬，艾瑪這是要發大財呀。
你看，我不止是程式設計師大神，還是數學大神。其實數學十分簡單，只不過剩下的九十分很難。
三、抓包分析
1、拿到視訊檔真實地址
我們進入某破站，隨便開啟一個視訊，咱們就用瀏覽器自帶的網路監控工具抓包。
好傢伙，這一大堆請求，一直在不停地刷，放個圖大家感受一下：
不過憑藉程式設計師大神多年的經驗，直覺告訴我，咱們重點關注這倆請求：
看一下這倆請求的應答內容，這一看就是我們要的視訊二進位制內容嘛：
等等！1267024297-1-100024.m4s和1267024297-1-30232.m4s這些數位是從哪裡來的呢？看起來像是視訊的ID號之類的，但是瀏覽器連結欄中也沒看到類似的號呢？
那接下來咱先看看第一個請求吧，看這裡面能否找到啥蛛絲馬跡。
這第一個請求就是我點選視訊連結後發出的，這和瀏覽器位址列的地址是一致的：
再看一下這個請求的應答是啥內容：
應答就是一段標準的html嘛。看看這裡面有沒有1267024297-1-100024.m4s和1267024297-1-30232.m4s相關的內容呢？搜一下，果然找到了：
看起來就是一段json，下面我把這段json貼出來，內容太多，我稍微刪減了一些，只留下關鍵資訊：
檢視程式碼
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"accept_description": ["高清 1080P+", "高清 1080P", "高清 720P", "清晰 480P", "流暢 360P"],
"accept_quality": [112, 80, 64, 32, 16],
"video_codecid": 7,
"seek_param": "start",
"seek_type": "offset",
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"index_range": "997-1772"
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"height": 0,
"frameRate": "",
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"sar": "",
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"start_with_sap": 0,
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"indexRange": "944-1731"
},
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"index_range": "944-1731"
},
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}],
"dolby": {
"type": 0,
"audio": null
},
"flac": null
},
"support_formats": [{
"quality": 112,
"format": "hdflv2",
"new_description": "1080P 高位元速率",
"display_desc": "1080P",
"superscript": "高位元速率",
"codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.640032", "hev1.1.6.L150.90"]
}, {
"quality": 80,
"format": "flv",
"new_description": "1080P 高清",
"display_desc": "1080P",
"superscript": "",
"codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.640032", "hev1.1.6.L150.90"]
}, {
"quality": 64,
"format": "flv720",
"new_description": "720P 高清",
"display_desc": "720P",
"superscript": "",
"codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.640028", "hev1.1.6.L120.90"]
}, {
"quality": 32,
"format": "flv480",
"new_description": "480P 清晰",
"display_desc": "480P",
"superscript": "",
"codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.64001F", "hev1.1.6.L120.90"]
}, {
"quality": 16,
"format": "flv360",
"new_description": "360P 流暢",
"display_desc": "360P",
"superscript": "",
"codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.64001E", "hev1.1.6.L120.90"]
}],
"high_format": null,
"volume": {
"measured_i": -18.5,
"measured_lra": 8.9,
"measured_tp": 1.2,
"measured_threshold": -28.8,
"target_offset": 0.4,
"target_i": -14,
"target_tp": -1
},
"last_play_time": 14000,
"last_play_cid": 1267024297
},
"session": "5b95542e60887c5e597810671aa5001a"
}
</script>所以，我們第一步的思路就有了：請求視訊地址，然後將應答中的這段json拿出來，再從json中將視訊檔真實地址拿到。
2、下載視訊檔
我們看上面的json，data.dash.video路徑下面的值，就是我們要下載的視訊的真實地址，但我們看到這是個Array，也就是說有多個視訊地址，我們下載哪一個呢？我測試了一下，把所有視訊都下載下來，視訊內容都是一致的，只不過檔案大小、視訊長寬、位元速率之類的不同，我估計對應的是"高清 1080P+", "高清 1080P", "高清 720P", "清晰 480P", "流暢 360P"之類的。我們就簡單處理吧，預設下載第一個視訊就行了。
下面咱看看第一個視訊的具體資訊：
檢視程式碼
{
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"baseUrl": "https://xy182x117x194x4xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:8082/v1/resource/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?agrr=0&build=0&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&bvc=vod&bw=107051&deadline=1695874583&e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M%3D&f=u_0_0&gen=playurlv2&logo=A0000400&mcdnid=11000413&mid=1716139964&nbs=1&nettype=0&oi=3550958494&orderid=0%2C3&os=mcdn&platform=pc&sign=20f269&traceid=trDNtOvronEayd_0_e_N&uipk=5&uparams=e%2Cuipk%2Cnbs%2Cdeadline%2Cgen%2Cos%2Coi%2Ctrid%2Cmid%2Cplatform&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f",
"base_url": "https://xy182x117x194x4xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:8082/v1/resource/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?agrr=0&build=0&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&bvc=vod&bw=107051&deadline=1695874583&e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M%3D&f=u_0_0&gen=playurlv2&logo=A0000400&mcdnid=11000413&mid=1716139964&nbs=1&nettype=0&oi=3550958494&orderid=0%2C3&os=mcdn&platform=pc&sign=20f269&traceid=trDNtOvronEayd_0_e_N&uipk=5&uparams=e%2Cuipk%2Cnbs%2Cdeadline%2Cgen%2Cos%2Coi%2Ctrid%2Cmid%2Cplatform&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f",
"backupUrl": ["https://xy112x111x47x2xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:4483/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=mcdn&oi=3550958494&trid=00001a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&mcdnid=11000413&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=0,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=A0000400", "https://upos-sz-mirrorali.xxxxxxxxxx.com/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=alibv&oi=3550958494&trid=1a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=7b626b942dab4437433e276e1dfd6c63&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=1,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=40000000"],
"backup_url": ["https://xy112x111x47x2xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:4483/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=mcdn&oi=3550958494&trid=00001a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&mcdnid=11000413&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=0,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=A0000400", "https://upos-sz-mirrorali.xxxxxxxxxx.com/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=alibv&oi=3550958494&trid=1a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=7b626b942dab4437433e276e1dfd6c63&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=1,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=40000000"],
"bandwidth": 855502,
"mimeType": "video/mp4",
"mime_type": "video/mp4",
"codecs": "hev1.1.6.L150.90",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"frameRate": "23.810",
"frame_rate": "23.810",
"sar": "1:1",
"startWithSap": 1,
"start_with_sap": 1,
"SegmentBase": {
"Initialization": "0-1570",
"indexRange": "1571-8935"
},
"segment_base": {
"initialization": "0-1570",
"index_range": "1571-8935"
},
"codecid": 12
}我們看到有好幾個url，實際上用第一個baseUrl即可。
現在我們拿到了視訊真實地址，接下來該下載視訊了，現在我們需要再回頭分析視訊下載請求。
先看請求頭：
我們構造請求的時候可以把上面這些頭都設定上，但是經過我的驗證，實際上我們只需要設定下面這幾個頭即可：
Origin：就設定破站的域名即可
Referer：設定這個視訊在瀏覽器位址列中的地址即可
User-Agent：設定這個固定值即可
Range：上面截圖設定的是bytes=0-1570，這個是咋回事？
觀察一下上面的json，看到了吧，就設定為這個值就可以了。
是不是萬事大吉了呢？根據以上思路，我構造了個請求試了下，果然還有問題，為啥？顯然是Range：bytes=0-1570的問題。
不過，在這個請求的應答頭裡面，可以找到答案：
很顯然，這個值就是視訊的完整大小，所以，咱們設定為Range：bytes=0-3098152。果然，下載下來了完整視訊。
所以，我們的邏輯應該是，先設定Range：bytes=0-1570，請求一次，從這次請求的應答頭中找到Content-Range，拿到視訊的總大小3098152。再請求一次，設定Range：bytes=0-3098152，這次的應答，便是完整的視訊檔了。
現在總該萬事大吉了吧？開啟視訊檢驗一下。還是有點不對勁，只有人像，沒有聲音。
3、下載聲音檔案
再回看前面的完整json，視訊檔資訊是從data.dash.video路徑下面找到的，我們看到還有一個data.dash.audio路徑，顯然，這是聲音檔案。
所以說破站是視訊、音訊分離的。
接下來我們還要把音訊檔下載下來，下載過程跟上面視訊檔是一致的，這裡不再囉嗦了。
四、程式實現
程式碼基於SpringBoot，開發一個Web程式，部署到雲伺服器，供使用者下載視訊。
1、拿到完整json
根據前面的分析，我們首先請求視訊在瀏覽器位址列中的地址，拿到html。然後從html中拿到json，最後從json中拿到視訊資訊和音訊資訊，程式碼如下：
logger.info("開始解析視訊地址：{}",url);
String html = restTemplate.getForObject(url,String.class);
String regex = "(?<=<script>window.__playinfo__=).*?(?=</script>)";
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(html);
if (matcher.find()) {
String jsonStr = matcher.group();
JSON json = JSONUtil.parse(jsonStr);
JSONArray videoList = (JSONArray)json.getByPath("data.dash.video");
JSONArray audioList = (JSONArray)json.getByPath("data.dash.audio");
}2、下載視訊檔
for (Object video:videoList){
JSONObject map = (JSONObject)video;
String videoUrl = map.get("baseUrl").toString();
String segmentInit = map.getByPath("SegmentBase.Initialization").toString();
RequestCallback requestCallback = new RequestCallback() {
@Override
public void doWithRequest(ClientHttpRequest clientHttpRequest) throws IOException {
clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Referer",url);
clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36");
clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Range","bytes="+segmentInit);
}
};
ResponseExtractor responseExtractor = new ResponseExtractor<String>() {
@Override
public String extractData(ClientHttpResponse clientHttpResponse) throws IOException {
return clientHttpResponse.getHeaders().get("Content-Range").get(0).split("/")[1];
}
};
Object videoSize = restTemplate.execute(videoUrl, HttpMethod.GET,requestCallback,responseExtractor);
logger.info("視訊地址：{}",videoUrl);
logger.info("視訊大小：{}",videoSize);
RequestCallback videoRequestCallback = new RequestCallback() {
@Override
public void doWithRequest(ClientHttpRequest clientHttpRequest) throws IOException {
clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Referer",url);
clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36");
clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Range","bytes=0-"+videoSize);
}
};
String fileName = StringUtils.substringBefore(videoUrl,".m4s");
fileName = StringUtils.substringAfterLast(fileName,"/");
final String finalFileName = fileName +".mp4";
ResponseExtractor videoResponseExtractor = new ResponseExtractor<Boolean>() {
@Override
public Boolean extractData(ClientHttpResponse clientHttpResponse) throws IOException {
OutputStream output = null;
try {
output = new FileOutputStream(dir+ finalFileName);
logger.info("開始下載視訊檔：{}",finalFileName);
IOUtils.copy(clientHttpResponse.getBody(),output);
logger.info("視訊檔下載完成：{}",finalFileName);
return Boolean.TRUE;
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
return Boolean.FALSE;
}finally {
if (output != null){
output.close();
}
}
}
};
Object result = restTemplate.execute(videoUrl, HttpMethod.GET,videoRequestCallback,videoResponseExtractor);
if ((Boolean)result){
videoFile = finalFileName;
break;
}
}3、下載音訊檔
與下載視訊檔邏輯一致，不再貼出。
4、視訊音訊合併
上面的步驟把視訊和音訊檔都下載下來了，我們需要將這倆合併成一個檔案。
百度搜尋一個叫ffmpeg的東西，這是個武功高強的音視訊處理工具，具體有多高強呢，我估計有三四層樓那麼高。
使用這個工具合併音訊視訊，正常是在命令列中這麼用：
ffmpeg -i 視訊檔名.mp4 -i 音訊檔名.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a copy 輸出檔名.mp4整合到java程式碼中，其實就是執行上面的命令即可：
List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
commands.add(ffmpegPath);
commands.add("-i");
commands.add(dir+videoFile);
commands.add("-i");
commands.add(dir+audioFile);
commands.add("-c:v");
commands.add("copy");
commands.add("-c:a");
commands.add("copy");
commands.add(dir+"final-file.mp4");
logger.info("開始合成視訊音訊");
ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder();
builder.command(commands);
try {
builder.inheritIO().start().waitFor();
logger.info("視訊合成完成");
} catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
logger.info("視訊合成失敗：{}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
}5、檔案下載
從使用者使用的角度來看，整個流程是這樣：
1）輸入視訊地址
2）後臺將對應的視訊音訊下載併合併成最終mp4檔案，儲存在磁碟
3）返回儲存在磁碟上的mp4檔名，並提示使用者是否要下載該視訊
4）使用者確定後，將3中返回的檔名回傳給後臺，後臺找到檔案磁碟儲存地址，並下載
下面是下載的相應程式碼：
logger.info("下載視訊檔：{}",file);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(file)){
return;
}
String[] arr = file.split("_");
if (arr.length != 2){
return;
}
String filePath = baseDir+File.separator+arr[0]+File.separator+arr[1];
if (!FileUtil.exist(filePath)){
return;
}
HttpFile.downloadFile(arr[1],filePath,response);
FileUtil.del(baseDir+File.separator+arr[0]);五、部署到雲伺服器
我手上本來就有一臺騰訊雲伺服器，直接拿來用即可。作為一個程式設計師，雲伺服器現在應該是標配了，學生可以用來學習，菜鳥可以用來練手，老鳥玩點有趣的東西偶爾賺點小錢。你如果想買一臺雲伺服器來玩兒，下面是直達騰訊雲優惠專區的連結：
1、打包
maven命令隨便打個包吧：mvn clean package，或者在你的IDE上雙擊一下某個按鈕。
2、上傳
連上你的伺服器，把jar包扔上去。這裡推薦一個工具：FinalShell，集shell和ftp於一體，非常方便。
3、啟動
埠預設設定的30016，可以根據需要進行修改。通過以下命令就可以愉快的啟動服務了：
nohup java -jar xxxxxxxx.jar >/dev/null 2>&1 &4、安裝ffmpeg
上面提到，破站是視訊、音訊分離的，所以程式中需要呼叫ffmpeg這個工具將視訊和音訊檔進行合併。ffmpeg工具的安裝方法可自行搜尋，這不是本文重點。
5、驗證一下
目前，可以通過http://伺服器公網ip:30016 的方式在全世界每個角落進行存取了。當然，你也可以申請一個域名。
我把這個程式部署到了騰訊雲上，試試效果：http://106.53.17.139:30016/
原始碼請猛點（0積分）：
或者到這裡獲取：
編譯完jar包趕緊扔你的伺服器上，開啟你的「裝13」加「年入千萬」之旅吧。
注：本程式碼基於破站鬼畜視訊模組抓包分析，不一定適用於所有模組，可自行分析擴充套件程式碼，原理相通。
六、總結
整個開發過程結束了，這其中最重要的環節是抓包分析的過程，如果這個過程搞定了，剩下的編碼工作量其實很小。
最後，懇請大家不要亂來，千萬別給我上Jmeter，如果給我幹崩了，我可拿你沒辦法。學習交流使用，真的不要亂來哦。