本篇所有操作都在 Kibana 上執行
PUT product
{
// 索引設定
"settings": {
// 分片數量
"number_of_shards": 3,
// 副本數量
"number_of_replicas": 1
},
// 索引欄位對映
"mappings": {
// 欄位屬性
"properties": {
// 商品名稱
"name":{
// 欄位型別為文字
"type":"text"
},
// 商品標籤
"label":{
"type":"keyword"
},
"price":{
"type": "scaled_float",
// 比例因子設定為100 在ES中會按分儲存
// 注意：scaling_factor屬性是隻針對scaled_float這個資料型別才有
"scaling_factor": 100
},
// 商品狀態
"status":{
"type":"integer"
},
// 建立日期
"create_date":{
"type":"date"
}
}
}
}
執行命令，我們會得到如下返回資訊，表示建立成功
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "product"
}
## 命令格式 GET {索引名稱}
GET product
返回結果：
{
"product": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"create_date": {
"type": "date"
},
"label": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"price": {
"type": "scaled_float",
"scaling_factor": 100
},
"status": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"routing": {
"allocation": {
"include": {
"_tier_preference": "data_content"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards": "3",
"provided_name": "product",
"creation_date": "1693981437123",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "awfrhothQaeoL2bHvufN5w",
"version": {
"created": "8090199"
}
}
}
}
}
GET product/_mapping
返回結果：
{
"product": {
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"create_date": {
"type": "date"
},
"label": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"price": {
"type": "scaled_float",
"scaling_factor": 100
},
"status": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
}
}
}
GET product/_settings
返回結果：
{
"product": {
"settings": {
"index": {
"routing": {
"allocation": {
"include": {
"_tier_preference": "data_content"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards": "3",
"provided_name": "product",
"creation_date": "1693981437123",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "awfrhothQaeoL2bHvufN5w",
"version": {
"created": "8090199"
}
}
}
}
GET product/_alias
返回結果：
{
"product": {
"aliases": {}
}
}
目前我們沒設定別名，所以返回為空
語法：
PUT {索引名}/_doc/{檔案id}
{
{欄位名}:{欄位值/]
}
範例：
PUT product/_doc/1
{
"name":"籃球",
"label":["運動","球類"],
"price":33.5,
"status":0,
"create_date":"2023-08-08T13:00:00"
}
執行成功將返回：
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1
}
語法：
POST _bulk
{ action: { metadata }}
{ request body }
{ action: { metadata }}
{ request body }
注：bulk對 JSON 串的有著嚴格的要求。每個 JSON 串不能換行，只能放在同一行，同時，相鄰的 JSON 串之間必須要有換行(delete語法除外).
範例：
POST _bulk
{"create":{"_index":"product","_id":2}}
{"name":"足球","label":["運動","球類"],"price":60.3,"status":0,"create_date":"2023-08-09T13:00:00"}
{"create":{"_index":"product","_id":3}}
{"name":"華為手機","label":["數碼","手機"],"price":6999,"status":0,"create_date":"2023-08-31T13:00:00"}
{"create":{"_index":"product","_id":4}}
{"name":"蘋果手機","label":["數碼","手機"],"price":9999,"status":1,"create_date":"2023-08-31T13:00:00"}
返回結果：
{
"took": 6,
"errors": false,
"items": [
{
"create": {
"_index": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"create": {
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 1,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"create": {
"_index": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 2,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
}
]
}
GET product/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
返回
{
"took": 9,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 4,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "足球",
"label": [
"運動",
"球類"
],
"price": 60.3,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-09T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "華為手機",
"label": [
"數碼",
"手機"
],
"price": 6999,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-31T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "蘋果手機",
"label": [
"數碼",
"手機"
],
"price": 9999,
"status": 1,
"create_date": "2023-09-01T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "籃球",
"label": [
"運動",
"球類"
],
"price": 33.5,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-08T13:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
響應的資料結果分為兩部分:
{
----------------first part:分片副本資訊--------------------
"took": 9,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
---------------second part:查詢的資料集---------------------
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 4,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [{}]
}
}
GET product/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"label": "手機"
}
}
}
返回：
{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 2,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 0.5908618,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.5908618,
"_source": {
"name": "華為手機",
"label": [
"數碼",
"手機"
],
"price": 6999,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-31T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 0.5908618,
"_source": {
"name": "蘋果手機",
"label": [
"數碼",
"手機"
],
"price": 9999,
"status": 1,
"create_date": "2023-09-01T13:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
GET product/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": {
"match": {
"label": "手機"
}
},
"filter": {
"term": {
"status": 0
}
}
}
}
}
返回結果：
{
"took": 0,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 1,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 0.5908618,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.5908618,
"_source": {
"name": "華為手機",
"label": [
"數碼",
"手機"
],
"price": 6999,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-31T13:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
查詢結果裡面都有一個 _score欄位，一般 Elasticsearch 根據相關評分排序，相關評分是根據檔案與語句的匹配度來得出， _score值越高說明匹配度越高。相關性(relevance)概念在Elasticsearch中非常重要，而這也是它與傳統關係型資料庫中記錄只有匹配和不匹配概念最大的不同。