技術文章 » win11安裝ubuntu(by wsl2)

win11安裝ubuntu(by wsl2)

2023-09-06 12:03:23

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這裡分類和彙總了欣宸的全部原創(含配套原始碼)：https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos

本機情況

  • 省吃儉用入手了ThinkPad T14，打算裝好Linux後作為開發機器使用，本文記錄了安裝過程，以便將來在新系統上用到
  • 作為參考，機器軟硬體情況如下
  • 接下來就是安裝wsl2的過程，並未為了驗證Linux是否正常，還在Linxu下安裝了docker

設定

  • 開啟設定視窗，進入"應用" -> "可選功能"，點選下圖中的更多Windows功能

  • 勾選下圖紅框中的兩項

  • 點選確定後，會提示正在處理

  • 提示重啟電腦，選擇立即重新啟動

  • 支援，設定完成，等重啟後就能開始安裝了，過程很簡單，隨本文輕鬆操作即可

安裝

  • 重啟後，開啟Microsoft Store，就是桌面底部下圖箭頭所指
  • 搜尋WSL，然後選擇適合自己的Linux版本，我這裡選擇了最新版的Ubuntu
  • 點選獲取按鈕後，開始等待
  • 下載完畢後，點選開啟按鈕後，控制檯報錯
  • 為了解決上述問題，先以管理員身份開啟Windows PowerShell
  • 輸入wsl --update，對WSL進行更新，等待更新完成，如下圖
  • 此時新裝的ubuntu已經進入應用列表，可以直接點選開啟
  • 按照控制檯提示輸入賬號密碼，即完成設定
  • 輸入top命令，再輸入數位1，即可看到CPU情況，12代酷睿的多核看起來真是開心啊
will@thinkpad:~$ top
top - 23:50:50 up 2 min,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks:   5 total,   1 running,   4 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu0  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu1  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu2  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu3  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu4  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu5  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu6  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu7  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu8  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu9  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu10 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu11 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu12 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.7 id,  0.3 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu13 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu14 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
%Cpu15 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :   7797.3 total,   7404.1 free,    283.7 used,    109.5 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2048.0 free,      0.0 used.   7330.0 avail Mem

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
    1 root      20   0    1756   1080   1020 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 init
   48 root      20   0    2112    360      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 init
   49 root      20   0    2112    368      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 init
   50 will      20   0   10044   5044   3336 S   0.0   0.1   0:00.02 bash
  118 will      20   0   10872   3648   3136 R   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 t
  • 為了後面操作方便，用命令sudo passwd root給root賬號設定密碼
will@thinkpad:~$ sudo passwd root
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully

安裝docker

  • docker是常用工具，這裡列一下安裝步驟
  • 執行sudo apt-get update更新
  • 安裝必要軟體
sudo apt-get install \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release
  • 安裝GPG key，用於安裝服務的信任
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
&& curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
  • 新增安裝包倉庫
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
  • 開始安裝（最新版）
sudo apt-get update \
&& sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
  • 如果想安裝指定版本，可以先檢視版本列表：
apt-cache madison docker-ce
  • 可見有多個版本可供選擇
docker-ce | 5:20.10.17~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.16~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.15~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.13~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.11~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.10~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.9~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.8~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.7~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.6~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.5~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.4~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.3~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.2~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.1~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.0~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.15~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.13~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.11~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.10~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.9~3-0~ubuntu-focal | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages
  • 安裝指定版本的命令如下，請將<VERSION_STRING>替換成您需要的版本
sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli=<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

啟動

  • 用命令service docker status檢視服務狀態，發現未啟動
$ service docker status
* Docker is not running
  • 如下，啟動後再檢視，發現狀態正常
$ sudo service docker start
* Starting Docker: docker                                                                                                                                                 [ OK ]
$ service docker status
* Docker is running
  • 檢視版本
$ sudo docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.17
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.17.11
 Git commit:        100c701
 Built:             Mon Jun  6 23:02:57 2022
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.17
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.17.11
  Git commit:       a89b842
  Built:            Mon Jun  6 23:01:03 2022
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.7
  GitCommit:        0197261a30bf81f1ee8e6a4dd2dea0ef95d67ccb
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.3
  GitCommit:        v1.1.3-0-g6724737
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
  • 經典的hello world可以驗證服務是否正常，命令是sudo docker hello-world
$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
2db29710123e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7d246653d0511db2a6b2e0436cfd0e52ac8c066000264b3ce63331ac66dca625
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
  • 至此，win11安裝wsl2成功，並且驗證Linux安裝docker也能正常工作

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