2018年寫過一篇分庫分表的文章《SpringBoot使用sharding-jdbc分庫分表》,但是存在很多不完美的地方比如:
針對上述問題,本人計劃開發一個通用的分庫分表starter,具備以下特性:
通過檢視官方檔案,可以發現starter的核心邏輯就是獲取分庫分表等設定,然後在自動設定類建立資料來源注入Spring容器即可。
首先建立一個spring-boot-starter工程ship-sharding-spring-boot-starter,不會的小夥伴可以參考以前寫的教學《【SpringBoot】編寫一個自己的Starter》。
建立自動設定類cn.sp.sharding.config.ShardingAutoConfig,並在resources/META-INF/spring.factories檔案中設定自動設定類的全路徑。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=cn.sp.sharding.config.ShardingAutoConfig
然後需要在pom.xml檔案引入sharding-jbc依賴和工具包guava。
<properties>
<java.version>8</java.version>
<spring-boot.version>2.4.0</spring-boot.version>
<sharding-jdbc.version>4.1.1</sharding-jdbc.version>
</properties>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
<version>${sharding-jdbc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>18.0</version>
</dependency>
分庫分表設定這塊,為了方便自定義設定字首,建立ShardingRuleConfigurationProperties類繼承sharding-jbc的YamlShardingRuleConfiguration類即可,程式碼如下:
/**
* @author Ship
* @version 1.0.0
* @description:
* @date 2023/06/06
*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = CommonConstants.COMMON_CONFIG_PREFIX + ".config")
public class ShardingRuleConfigurationProperties extends YamlShardingRuleConfiguration {
}
同時sharding-jbc支援自定義一些properties屬性,需要單獨建立類ConfigMapConfigurationProperties
/**
* @Author: Ship
* @Description:
* @Date: Created in 2023/6/6
*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = CommonConstants.COMMON_CONFIG_PREFIX + ".map")
public class ConfigMapConfigurationProperties {
private Properties props = new Properties();
public Properties getProps() {
return props;
}
public void setProps(Properties props) {
this.props = props;
}
}
官方提供了ShardingDataSourceFactory工廠類來建立資料來源,但是檢視其原始碼發現createDataSource方法的引數是ShardingRuleConfiguration類,而不是YamlShardingRuleConfiguration。
@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
public final class ShardingDataSourceFactory {
/**
* Create sharding data source.
*
* @param dataSourceMap data source map
* @param shardingRuleConfig rule configuration for databases and tables sharding
* @param props properties for data source
* @return sharding data source
* @throws SQLException SQL exception
*/
public static DataSource createDataSource(
final Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap, final ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig, final Properties props) throws SQLException {
return new ShardingDataSource(dataSourceMap, new ShardingRule(shardingRuleConfig, dataSourceMap.keySet()), props);
}
}
該如何解決設定類引數轉換的問題呢?
幸好查詢官方檔案發現sharding-jdbc提供了YamlSwapper類來實現yaml設定和核心設定的轉換
/**
* YAML configuration swapper.
*
* @param <Y> type of YAML configuration
* @param <T> type of swapped object
*/
public interface YamlSwapper<Y extends YamlConfiguration, T> {
/**
* Swap to YAML configuration.
*
* @param data data to be swapped
* @return YAML configuration
*/
Y swap(T data);
/**
* Swap from YAML configuration to object.
*
* @param yamlConfiguration YAML configuration
* @return swapped object
*/
T swap(Y yamlConfiguration);
}
ShardingRuleConfigurationYamlSwapper就是YamlSwapper的其中一個實現類。
於是,ShardingAutoConfig的最終程式碼如下:
package cn.sp.sharding.config;
/**
* @author Ship
* @version 1.0.0
* @description:
* @date 2023/06/06
*/
@AutoConfigureBefore(name = CommonConstants.MYBATIS_PLUS_CONFIG_CLASS)
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(value = {ShardingRuleConfigurationProperties.class, ConfigMapConfigurationProperties.class})
@Import(DataSourceHealthConfig.class)
public class ShardingAutoConfig implements EnvironmentAware {
private Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@Bean
public DataSource shardingDataSource(@Autowired ShardingRuleConfigurationProperties configurationProperties,
@Autowired ConfigMapConfigurationProperties configMapConfigurationProperties) throws SQLException {
ShardingRuleConfigurationYamlSwapper yamlSwapper = new ShardingRuleConfigurationYamlSwapper();
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfiguration = yamlSwapper.swap(configurationProperties);
return ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfiguration, configMapConfigurationProperties.getProps());
}
@Override
public void setEnvironment(Environment environment) {
setDataSourceMap(environment);
}
private void setDataSourceMap(Environment environment) {
String names = environment.getProperty(CommonConstants.DATA_SOURCE_CONFIG_PREFIX + ".names");
for (String name : names.split(",")) {
try {
String propertiesPrefix = CommonConstants.DATA_SOURCE_CONFIG_PREFIX + "." + name;
Map<String, Object> dataSourceProps = PropertyUtil.handle(environment, propertiesPrefix, Map.class);
// 反射建立資料來源
DataSource dataSource = DataSourceUtil.getDataSource(dataSourceProps.get("type").toString(), dataSourceProps);
dataSourceMap.put(name, dataSource);
} catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
利用反射建立資料來源,就可以解決支援多種資料來源的問題。
sharding-jdbc提供了UUID和Snowflake兩種預設實現,但是自定義主鍵生成策略更加靈活,方便根據自己的需求調整,接下來介紹如何自定義主鍵生成策略。
因為我們也是用的雪花演演算法,所以可以直接用sharding-jdbc提供的雪花演演算法類,KeyGeneratorFactory負責生成雪花演演算法實現類的範例,採用雙重校驗加鎖的單例模式。
public final class KeyGeneratorFactory {
/**
* 使用shardingsphere提供的雪花演演算法實現
*/
private static volatile SnowflakeShardingKeyGenerator keyGenerator = null;
private KeyGeneratorFactory() {
}
/**
* 單例模式
*
* @return
*/
public static SnowflakeShardingKeyGenerator getInstance() {
if (keyGenerator == null) {
synchronized (KeyGeneratorFactory.class) {
if (keyGenerator == null) {
// 用ip地址當作機器id,機器範圍0-1024
Long workerId = Long.valueOf(IpUtil.getLocalIpAddress().replace(".", "")) % 1024;
keyGenerator = new SnowflakeShardingKeyGenerator();
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("worker.id", workerId.toString());
keyGenerator.setProperties(properties);
}
}
}
return keyGenerator;
}
}
雪花演演算法是由1bit 不用 + 41bit時間戳+10bit工作機器id+12bit序列號組成的,所以為了防止不同節點生成的id重複需要設定機器id,機器id的範圍是0-1024,這裡是用IP地址轉數位取模1024來計算機器id,存在很小概率的重複,也可以用redis來生成機器id(參考雪花演演算法ID重複問題的解決方案 )。
注意: 雪花演演算法坑其實挺多的,除了系統時間回溯會導致id重複,單節點並行過高也會導致重複(序列位只有12位元代表1ms內最多支援4096個並行)。
檢視原始碼可知自定義主鍵生成器是通過SPI實現的,實現ShardingKeyGenerator介面即可。
package org.apache.shardingsphere.spi.keygen;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.spi.TypeBasedSPI;
/**
* Key generator.
*/
public interface ShardingKeyGenerator extends TypeBasedSPI {
/**
* Generate key.
*
* @return generated key
*/
Comparable<?> generateKey();
}
/**
* @Author: Ship
* @Description: 分散式id生成器,雪花演演算法實現
* @Date: Created in 2023/6/8
*/
public class DistributedKeyGenerator implements ShardingKeyGenerator {
@Override
public Comparable<?> generateKey() {
return KeyGeneratorFactory.getInstance().generateKey();
}
@Override
public String getType() {
return "DISTRIBUTED";
}
@Override
public Properties getProperties() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
}
}
cn.sp.sharding.key.DistributedKeyGenerator
Spring Boot會在專案啟動時執行一條sql語句檢查資料來源是否可用,因為ShardingDataSource只是對真實資料來源進行了封裝,沒有完全實現Datasouce介面規範,所以會在啟動時報錯DataSource health check failed,為此需要重寫資料來源健康檢查的邏輯。
建立DataSourceHealthConfig類繼承DataSourceHealthContributorAutoConfiguration,然後重寫createIndicator方法來重新設定校驗sql語句。
/**
* @Author: Ship
* @Description:
* @Date: Created in 2023/6/7
*/
public class DataSourceHealthConfig extends DataSourceHealthContributorAutoConfiguration {
private static String validQuery = "SELECT 1";
public DataSourceHealthConfig(Map<String, DataSource> dataSources, ObjectProvider<DataSourcePoolMetadataProvider> metadataProviders) {
super(dataSources, metadataProviders);
}
@Override
protected AbstractHealthIndicator createIndicator(DataSource source) {
DataSourceHealthIndicator healthIndicator = (DataSourceHealthIndicator) super.createIndicator(source);
if (StringUtils.hasText(validQuery)) {
healthIndicator.setQuery(validQuery);
}
return healthIndicator;
}
}
最後使用@Import註解來注入
@AutoConfigureBefore(name = CommonConstants.MYBATIS_PLUS_CONFIG_CLASS)
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(value = {ShardingRuleConfigurationProperties.class, ConfigMapConfigurationProperties.class})
@Import(DataSourceHealthConfig.class)
public class ShardingAutoConfig implements EnvironmentAware {
假設有個訂單表資料量很大了需要分表,為了方便水平擴充套件,根據訂單的建立時間分表,分表規則如下:
t_order_${建立時間所在年}_${建立時間所在季度}
訂單表結構如下
CREATE TABLE `t_order_2022_3` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '主鍵',
`order_code` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '訂單號',
`create_time` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '建立時間',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.sp</groupId>
<artifactId>ship-sharding-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
介面 | 描述 |
---|---|
PreciseShardingAlgorithm | 定義等值查詢條件下的分表演演算法 |
RangeShardingAlgorithm | 定義範圍查詢條件下的分表演演算法 |
建立演演算法類MyTableShardingAlgorithm
/**
* @Author: Ship
* @Description:
* @Date: Created in 2023/6/8
*/
@Slf4j
public class MyTableShardingAlgorithm implements PreciseShardingAlgorithm<Long>, RangeShardingAlgorithm<Long> {
private static final String TABLE_NAME_PREFIX = "t_order_";
@Override
public String doSharding(Collection<String> availableTableNames, PreciseShardingValue<Long> preciseShardingValue) {
Long createTime = preciseShardingValue.getValue();
if (createTime == null) {
throw new ShipShardingException("建立時間不能為空!");
}
LocalDate localDate = DateUtils.longToLocalDate(createTime);
final String year = localDate.getYear() + "";
Integer quarter = DateUtils.getQuarter(localDate);
for (String tableName : availableTableNames) {
String dateStr = tableName.replace(TABLE_NAME_PREFIX, "");
String[] dateArr = dateStr.split("_");
if (dateArr[0].equals(year) && dateArr[1].equals(quarter.toString())) {
return tableName;
}
}
log.error("分表演演算法對應的表不存在!");
throw new ShipShardingException("分表演演算法對應的表不存在!");
}
@Override
public Collection<String> doSharding(Collection<String> availableTableNames, RangeShardingValue<Long> rangeShardingValue) {
//獲取查詢條件中範圍值
Range<Long> valueRange = rangeShardingValue.getValueRange();
// 上限值
Long upperEndpoint = valueRange.upperEndpoint();
// 下限值
Long lowerEndpoint = valueRange.lowerEndpoint();
List<String> tableNames = Lists.newArrayList();
for (String tableName : availableTableNames) {
String dateStr = tableName.replace(MyTableShardingAlgorithm.TABLE_NAME_PREFIX, "");
String[] dateArr = dateStr.split("_");
String year = dateArr[0];
String quarter = dateArr[1];
Long[] minAndMaxTime = DateUtils.getMinAndMaxTime(year, quarter);
Long minTime = minAndMaxTime[0];
Long maxTime = minAndMaxTime[1];
if (valueRange.hasLowerBound() && valueRange.hasUpperBound()) {
// between and
if (minTime.compareTo(lowerEndpoint) <= 0 && upperEndpoint.compareTo(maxTime) <= 0) {
tableNames.add(tableName);
}
} else if (valueRange.hasLowerBound() && !valueRange.hasUpperBound()) {
if (maxTime.compareTo(lowerEndpoint) > 0) {
tableNames.add(tableName);
}
} else {
if (upperEndpoint.compareTo(minTime) > 0) {
tableNames.add(tableName);
}
}
}
if (tableNames.size() == 0) {
log.error("分表演演算法對應的表不存在!");
throw new ShipShardingException("分表演演算法對應的表不存在!");
}
return tableNames;
}
}
spring:
application:
name: ship-sharding-example
mybatis-plus:
base-package: cn.sp.sharding.dao
mapper-locations: classpath*:/mapper/*Mapper.xml
configuration:
#開啟自動駝峰命名規則(camel case)對映
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
#延遲載入,需要和lazy-loading-enabled一起使用
aggressive-lazy-loading: true
lazy-loading-enabled: true
#關閉一級快取
local-cache-scope: statement
#關閉二級級快取
cache-enabled: false
ship:
sharding:
jdbc:
datasource:
names: ds0
ds0:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/my_springboot?autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
username: root
password: 1234
initial-size: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=2000;druid.mysql.usePingMethod=false
config:
binding-tables: t_order
tables:
t_order:
actual-data-nodes: ds0.t_order_${2022..2023}_${1..4}
# 設定主鍵生成策略
key-generator:
type: DISTRIBUTED
column: id
table-strategy:
standard:
sharding-column: create_time
# 設定分表演演算法
precise-algorithm-class-name: cn.sp.sharding.algorithm.MyTableShardingAlgorithm
range-algorithm-class-name: cn.sp.sharding.algorithm.MyTableShardingAlgorithm
@Test
public void testInsert() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderCode("OC001");
order.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
orderMapper.insert(order);
}
執行testInsert()方法,開啟t_order_2023_2表發現已經有了一條訂單資料
並且該資料的create_time是1686383781371,轉換為時間為2023-06-10 15:56:21,剛好對應2023年第二季度,說明資料正確的路由到了對應的表裡。
然後測試下資料查詢情況
@Test
public void testQuery(){
QueryWrapper<Order> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
wrapper.lambda().eq(Order::getOrderCode,"OC001");
List<Order> orders = orderMapper.selectList(wrapper);
System.out.println(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(orders));
}
執行testQuery()方法後可以在控制檯看到輸出了訂單報文,說明查詢也沒問題。
[{"id":1667440550397132802,"orderCode":"OC001","createTime":1686383781371}]
本文程式碼已經上傳到github,後續會把ship-sharding-spring-boot-starter上傳到maven中央倉庫方便使用,如果覺得對你有用的話希望可以點個贊讓更多人看到