flutter與前端互動,利用in_app_web_view實現下載功能:
首先下載庫,終端輸入
flutter pub add flutter_inappwebview
之後匯出
import 'package:flutter_inappwebview/flutter_inappwebview.dart';
即可使用。
建立in_app_web_view:
InAppWebView( initialOptions: InAppWebViewGroupOptions( crossPlatform:InAppWebViewOptions( useOnDownloadStart:true, ), android: AndroidInAppWebViewOptions() ), //老版本:initialUrl 新版本:initialUrlRequest initialUrlRequest: URLRequest( url: Uri.parse(widget.url), ) )
因為要下載檔案,所以請務必手動設定 useOnDownloadStart 為 true(否則出發檔案下載的監聽)。
initialUrlRequest中可填寫自己想首先開啟的url地址。
https://github.com/pichillilorenzo/flutter_inappwebview_examples/blob/main/file_download/lib/main.dart
填寫自己需要的回撥(例子中的一點錯誤,沒有開啟 useOnDownloadStart, 因此不會下載成功,在使用時請設定為true)
正常情況下,配合downloader和android_path_provider,普通https連結即可下載檔案。
而遇到blob連結時,還需要進行更多操作來確保檔案的下載:
可參考javascript - Flutter WebView blob pdf download - Stack Overflow
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64865972/flutter-webview-blob-pdf-download/64902313
因為Android不支援blob連結下載,因此我們巢狀javascript處理下載連結,在in_app_web_view的build中重寫onWebViewCreated方法,新增javascriptHandler:
onWebViewCreated: (InAppWebViewController controller) { if (mounted) { setState(() { _inAppWebCtrl = controller; _inAppWebCtrl!.addJavaScriptHandler( handlerName: 'blobToBase64Handler', callback: (data) async { if (data.isNotEmpty) { final String receivedFileInBase64 = data[0]; final String receivedMimeType = data[1]; // NOTE: create a method that will handle your extensions final String extension = _mapMimeTypeToExtension(receivedMimeType); String tmpFileName = 'tmpfile'; _createFileFromBase64( receivedFileInBase64, tmpFileName, extension); } }, ); }); } },
首先在assets中新增js資料夾,然後建立 base64.js 檔案
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); var blobUrl = "blobUrlPlaceholder"; console.log(blobUrl); xhr.open('GET', blobUrl, true); xhr.responseType = 'blob'; xhr.onload = function(e) { if (this.status == 200) { var blob = this.response; var reader = new FileReader(); reader.readAsDataURL(blob); reader.onloadend = function() { var base64data = reader.result; var base64ContentArray = base64data.split(","); var mimeType = base64ContentArray[0].match(/[^:\s*]\w+\/[\w-+\d.]+(?=[;| ])/)[0]; var decodedFile = base64ContentArray[1]; console.log(mimeType); window.flutter_inappwebview.callHandler('blobToBase64Handler', decodedFile, mimeType); }; }; }; xhr.send();
注意js中的callhander的名字引數,對應建立webview時addJavascriptHandler中的name。
另外是檔案型別對映函數和檔案下載函數:
String _mapMimeTypeToExtension(String mimeType) { String extension = ''; switch(mimeType) { case 'image/png': extension = 'png'; break; case 'application/msword': extension = 'doc'; break; case 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document': extension = 'docx'; break; case 'image/jpeg': extension = 'jpg'; break; case 'image/gif': extension = 'gif'; break; case 'image/svg+xml': extension = 'svg'; break; case 'image/tiff': extension = 'tif'; break; case 'text/plain': extension = 'txt'; break; case 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint': extension = 'ppt'; break; case 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation': extension = 'pptx'; break; case 'application/vnd.ms-excel': extension = 'xls'; break; case 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet': extension = 'xlsx'; break; case 'application/zip': extension = 'zip'; break; case 'application/x-7z-compressed': extension = '7z'; break; case 'application/pdf': extension = 'pdf'; break; } return extension; } _createFileFromBase64(String base64content, String fileName, String yourExtension) async { var bytes = base64Decode(base64content.replaceAll('\n', '')); final file = File("$_localPath/$fileName.$yourExtension"); await file.writeAsBytes(bytes.buffer.asUint8List()); }
最後重寫inappwebview中的下載請求方法:
onDownloadStartRequest: (controller, downloadStartRequest) async { var jsContent = await rootBundle.loadString("assets/js/base64.js"); // 執行javascript程式碼解析blob await controller.evaluateJavascript( source: jsContent.replaceAll("blobUrlPlaceholder", downloadStartRequest.url.toString())); },
總結:因為android本身不能解析blob,我們因此使用javascript作為翻譯:執行順序:
onDownloadStartRequest -> javascript檔案 -> webviewController中的handler的callback,最後以流的方式寫入檔案。