Ubuntu2204部署容器引擎Containerd
2023-04-10 06:00:45
為什麼使用containerd？
使用containerd的原因主要有兩點吧，第一個是docker在k8s1.24以後不再支援，如果需要在k8s中繼續使用docker作為容器引擎，我們需要額外部署cri-dockerd；其次即便我們部署cri-dockerd，docker最後也是呼叫containerd；所以為了減少呼叫提高效能，我們直接使用containerd是最優選擇；
提示：containerd1.0作為k8s容器引擎時它需要額外的一個cri-containerd的外掛來實現kubelet和containerd互動，工作邏輯和dockers類似，但比docker要少呼叫一層；使用docker作為容器引擎，kubelet和containerd互動需要先和dockershim互動，然後對應dockershim再將對應訊息傳遞給docker，然後由docker和containerd互動；很顯然使用docker作為容器引擎，呼叫複雜且效能不高；
提示：containerd1.1以後，對應cri-containerd外掛直接內建在containerd中，並預設處於啟用狀態；與cri-containerd不同，cri外掛通過直接函數呼叫與containerd互動。這種方式使得kubelet和containerd互動更加穩定和高效，中間不再需要專門的cri-containerd外掛來傳遞訊息；
安裝containerd的方式通常有兩種，一種是apt/yum安裝，一種是二進位制安裝
apt安裝containerd
驗證倉庫版本
root@k8s-node02:~# apt-cache madison containerd containerd | 1.6.12-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages containerd | 1.5.9-0ubuntu3.1 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 Packages containerd | 1.5.9-0ubuntu3 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages containerd | 1.5.9-0ubuntu3 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/main Sources containerd | 1.5.9-0ubuntu3.1 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main Sources containerd | 1.6.12-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main Sources root@k8s-node02:~#
安裝containerd
root@k8s-node02:~# apt install containerd=1.6.12-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: runc The following NEW packages will be installed: containerd runc 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 51 not upgraded. Need to get 38.6 MB of archives. After this operation, 145 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
檢視service⽂件
root@k8s-node02:~# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service # Copyright The containerd Authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. [Unit] Description=containerd container runtime Documentation=https://containerd.io After=network.target local-fs.target [Service] ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay ExecStart=/usr/bin/containerd Type=notify Delegate=yes KillMode=process Restart=always RestartSec=5 # Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead # in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting. LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity LimitNOFILE=infinity # Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not supports it. # Only systemd 226 and above support this version. TasksMax=infinity OOMScoreAdjust=-999 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target root@k8s-node02:~#
驗證runc和containerd環境
root@k8s-node02:~# runc -v runc version 1.1.4-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 spec: 1.0.2-dev go: go1.18.1 libseccomp: 2.5.3 root@k8s-node02:~# containerd -v containerd github.com/containerd/containerd 1.6.12-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 root@k8s-node02:~#
生成containerd設定⽂件
root@k8s-node02:~# containerd --help |grep config by using this command. If none of the *config*, *publish*, or *help* commands A default configuration is used if no TOML configuration is specified or located at the default file location. The *containerd config* command can be used to generate the default configuration for containerd. The output of that command can be used and modified as necessary as a custom configuration. config information on the containerd config --config value, -c value path to the configuration file (default: "/etc/containerd/config.toml") root@k8s-node02:~# mkdir -p /etc/containerd/ root@k8s-node02:~# containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml root@k8s-node02:~# ll /etc/containerd/config.toml -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6994 Apr 9 13:36 /etc/containerd/config.toml root@k8s-node02:~#
啟動containerd
root@k8s-node02:~# systemctl start containerd
root@k8s-node02:~# systemctl status containerd
● containerd.service - containerd container runtime
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2023-04-09 13:32:10 UTC; 5min ago
Docs: https://containerd.io
Process: 1073 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1075 (containerd)
Tasks: 10
Memory: 13.7M
CPU: 2.766s
CGroup: /system.slice/containerd.service
└─1075 /usr/bin/containerd
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.638730092Z" level=info msg=serving... address=/run/containerd/containerd.sock.ttrpc
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.638832460Z" level=info msg=serving... address=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.638982310Z" level=info msg="containerd successfully booted in 0.020303s"
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc systemd[1]: Started containerd container runtime.
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.639510934Z" level=info msg="Start subscribing containerd event"
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.639631535Z" level=info msg="Start recovering state"
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.639738452Z" level=info msg="Start event monitor"
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.639821525Z" level=info msg="Start snapshots syncer"
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.639936969Z" level=info msg="Start cni network conf syncer for default"
Apr 09 13:32:10 k8s-node02.ik8s.cc containerd[1075]: time="2023-04-09T13:32:10.640051290Z" level=info msg="Start streaming server"
root@k8s-node02:~#
通過命令列測試下載映象
containerd的命令⾏使用者端有ctr、crictl、nerdctl等，containerd相⽐docker多了⼀個名稱空間的邏輯概念，⾃身的命令⾏使用者端ctr命令預設是在default名稱空間⾥、nerdctl也是在default，當使⽤crictl命令的時候，是在k8s.io這個名稱空間，⽽k8s的建立的pod也是在k8s.io名稱空間，因此在使⽤nerdctl管理kubernetes環境的pod的時候要指定名稱空間為k8s.io，否則看不到kubernetes環境中的pod；
驗證映象
root@k8s-node02:~# ctr images ls REF TYPE DIGEST SIZE PLATFORMS LABELS docker.io/library/alpine:latest application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json sha256:124c7d2707904eea7431fffe91522a01e5a861a624ee31d03372cc1d138a3126 3.2 MiB linux/386,linux/amd64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64/v8,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x - root@k8s-node02:~#
ctr使用者端建立測試容器
root@k8s-node02:~# ctr run -t --net-host docker.io/library/alpine:latest testcontainer sh
/ # ifconfig
ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:73:67:C2
inet addr:192.168.0.75 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe73:67c2/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:33342 errors:0 dropped:48 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:22887 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:44009320 (41.9 MiB) TX bytes:1665243 (1.5 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4562 (4.4 KiB) TX bytes:4562 (4.4 KiB)
/ # ^C
/ # exit
root@k8s-node02:~# ctr containers ls
CONTAINER IMAGE RUNTIME
testcontainer docker.io/library/alpine:latest io.containerd.runc.v2
root@k8s-node02:~#
⼆進位制安裝containerd
下載二進位制包
root@k8s-node03:~# wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.20/containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz
解壓二進位制包
root@k8s-node03:~# ls containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~# tar xf containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~# ls bin containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~#
複製二進位制檔案至使用者環境變數目錄
root@k8s-node03:~# ls bin containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~# ls bin containerd containerd-shim-runc-v1 containerd-stress containerd-shim containerd-shim-runc-v2 ctr root@k8s-node03:~# cp bin/* /usr/local/bin/ root@k8s-node03:~#
驗證containerd版本資訊
root@k8s-node03:~# containerd -v containerd github.com/containerd/containerd v1.6.20 2806fc1057397dbaeefbea0e4e17bddfbd388f38 root@k8s-node03:~#
準備service檔案
root@k8s-node03:~# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service [Unit] Description=containerd container runtime Documentation=https://containerd.io After=network.target local-fs.target [Service] ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd Type=notify Delegate=yes KillMode=process Restart=always RestartSec=5 # Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead # in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting. LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity LimitNOFILE=infinity # Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not supports it. # Only systemd 226 and above support this version. TasksMax=infinity OOMScoreAdjust=-999 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：注意containerd的目錄；
生成組態檔
root@k8s-node03:~# mkdir -p /etc/containerd/ root@k8s-node03:~# containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml root@k8s-node03:~# ll /etc/containerd/config.toml -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6994 Apr 9 14:08 /etc/containerd/config.toml root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：containerd的組態檔預設是/etc/containerd/config.toml；我們可以通過containerd --help|grep config命令得到該資訊；
編輯組態檔設定底層pause映象地址
提示：預設pause映象地址是registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6，該倉庫在google，一般需要藉助科學上問工具才能正常存取，所以這裡我們換成國內的映象地址；
設定映象加速器
啟動containerd並設定為開機啟動
root@k8s-node03:~# systemctl start containerd && systemctl enable containerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
root@k8s-node03:~# systemctl status containerd
● containerd.service - containerd container runtime
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2023-04-09 14:27:39 UTC; 58s ago
Docs: https://containerd.io
Main PID: 34424 (containerd)
Tasks: 10
Memory: 13.1M
CPU: 551ms
CGroup: /system.slice/containerd.service
└─34424 /usr/local/bin/containerd
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.401494614Z" level=info msg="Start subscribing containerd event"
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.401622138Z" level=info msg="Start recovering state"
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.401749630Z" level=info msg="Start event monitor"
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.401832242Z" level=info msg="Start snapshots syncer"
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.401909113Z" level=info msg="Start cni network conf syncer for default"
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.401984359Z" level=info msg="Start streaming server"
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.402288194Z" level=info msg=serving... address=/run/containerd/containerd.sock.ttrpc
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.402424377Z" level=info msg=serving... address=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc systemd[1]: Started containerd container runtime.
Apr 09 14:27:39 k8s-node03.ik8s.cc containerd[34424]: time="2023-04-09T14:27:39.403282275Z" level=info msg="containerd successfully booted in 0.032541s"
root@k8s-node03:~#
部署runc
root@k8s-node03:~# wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.5/runc.amd64
給二進位制檔案新增執行許可權，並將其移動至/usr/bin/目錄並改名為runc
root@k8s-node03:~# ll total 52332 drwx------ 5 root root 4096 Apr 9 14:35 ./ drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4096 Apr 9 03:29 ../ -rw------- 1 root root 1363 Apr 9 06:09 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3106 Oct 15 2021 .bashrc drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Apr 9 03:38 .cache/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 161 Jul 9 2019 .profile drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 9 05:46 .ssh/ -rw------- 1 root root 12827 Apr 9 14:27 .viminfo drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 30 20:51 bin/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44102774 Apr 9 13:58 containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9431456 Apr 9 12:29 runc.amd64 root@k8s-node03:~# chmod a+x runc.amd64 root@k8s-node03:~# mv runc.amd64 /usr/bin/runc root@k8s-node03:~#
下載測試映象並驗證
root@k8s-node03:~# ctr images pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest docker.io/library/alpine:latest: resolved |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| index-sha256:124c7d2707904eea7431fffe91522a01e5a861a624ee31d03372cc1d138a3126: done |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| manifest-sha256:b6ca290b6b4cdcca5b3db3ffa338ee0285c11744b4a6abaa9627746ee3291d8d: done |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| layer-sha256:f56be85fc22e46face30e2c3de3f7fe7c15f8fd7c4e5add29d7f64b87abdaa09: done |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| config-sha256:9ed4aefc74f6792b5a804d1d146fe4b4a2299147b0f50eaf2b08435d7b38c27e: done |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| elapsed: 11.3s total: 2.0 Mi (181.5 KiB/s) unpacking linux/amd64 sha256:124c7d2707904eea7431fffe91522a01e5a861a624ee31d03372cc1d138a3126... done: 121.740597ms root@k8s-node03:~# ctr images ls REF TYPE DIGEST SIZE PLATFORMS LABELS docker.io/library/alpine:latest application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json sha256:124c7d2707904eea7431fffe91522a01e5a861a624ee31d03372cc1d138a3126 3.2 MiB linux/386,linux/amd64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64/v8,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x - root@k8s-node03:~#
ctr使用者端建立測試容器
root@k8s-node03:~# ctr run -t --net-host docker.io/library/alpine:latest test sh
/ # ifconfig
ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:EB:68:C7
inet addr:192.168.0.76 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feeb:68c7/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:150682 errors:0 dropped:98 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:47714 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:204871097 (195.3 MiB) TX bytes:3518180 (3.3 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:233 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:233 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:20170 (19.6 KiB) TX bytes:20170 (19.6 KiB)
/ # exit
root@k8s-node03:~# ctr containers ls
CONTAINER IMAGE RUNTIME
test docker.io/library/alpine:latest io.containerd.runc.v2
root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：預設我們不指定名稱空間對應容器都執行在default名稱空間下；我們可以使用-n選項來指定對應名稱空間資訊；
containerd使用者端⼯具擴充套件
crictl使用者端工具部署
root@k8s-node03:~# wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.26.1/crictl-v1.26.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
解壓壓縮包並將其移動至使用者環境變數目錄中去
root@k8s-node03:~# ls bin containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz crictl-v1.26.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~# tar xf crictl-v1.26.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~# ls bin containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz crictl crictl-v1.26.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~# mv crictl /usr/local/bin/ root@k8s-node03:~# ls /usr/local/bin/ containerd containerd-shim containerd-shim-runc-v1 containerd-shim-runc-v2 containerd-stress crictl ctr root@k8s-node03:~#
驗證crictl是否可正常執行？
root@k8s-node03:~# crictl -v crictl version v1.26.1 root@k8s-node03:~#
檢視crictl預設組態檔路徑
root@k8s-node03:~# crictl --help |grep config config Get and set crictl client configuration options --config value, -c value Location of the client config file. If not specified and the default does not exist, the program's directory is searched as well (default: "/etc/crictl.yaml") [$CRI_CONFIG_FILE] root@k8s-node03:~#
檢視containerd sock檔案路徑
root@k8s-node03:~# cat /etc/containerd/config.toml |grep sock address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock" root@k8s-node03:~#
設定crictl運⾏時環境
root@k8s-node03:~# cat /etc/crictl.yaml runtime-endpoint: "unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock" image-endpoint: "unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock" timeout: 10 debug: false root@k8s-node03:~#
測試：下載並驗證映象
root@k8s-node03:~# crictl pull nginx:1.20.2 Image is up to date for sha256:50fe74b50e0d0258922495297efbb9ebc3cbd5742103df1ca54dc21c07d24575 root@k8s-node03:~# crictl images IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID SIZE docker.io/library/nginx 1.20.2 50fe74b50e0d0 56.7MB root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：該工具不是特別好用，用的人相對較少，也不推薦使用；
nerdctl使用者端工具安裝
root@k8s-node03:~# wget https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/releases/download/v1.3.0/nerdctl-1.3.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
解壓包至/usr/local/bin/
root@k8s-node03:~# ls bin crictl-v1.26.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz nerdctl-1.3.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@k8s-node03:~# tar xf nerdctl-1.3.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ root@k8s-node03:~# ll /usr/local/bin/nerdctl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 24920064 Apr 5 12:22 /usr/local/bin/nerdctl* root@k8s-node03:~#
驗證nerdctl是否可以正常執行？
root@k8s-node03:~# nerdctl version WARN[0000] unable to determine buildctl version: exec: "buildctl": executable file not found in $PATH Client: Version: v1.3.0 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Git commit: c6ddd63dea9aa438fdb0587c0d3d9ae61a60523e buildctl: Version: Server: containerd: Version: v1.6.20 GitCommit: 2806fc1057397dbaeefbea0e4e17bddfbd388f38 runc: Version: 1.1.5 GitCommit: v1.1.5-0-gf19387a6 root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：nerdctl工具和crictl一樣，預設不指定名稱空間就是default名稱空間；
為nerdctl提供一個組態檔來指定預設名稱空間
root@k8s-node03:~# cat /etc/nerdctl/nerdctl.toml namespace = "k8s.io" debug = false debug_full = false insecure_registry = true root@k8s-node03:~#
測試：不指定名稱空間，看看對應設定是否生效？
root@k8s-node03:~# nerdctl images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED PLATFORM SIZE BLOB SIZE nginx 1.20.2 03f3cb0afb7b 12 minutes ago linux/amd64 149.1 MiB 54.1 MiB nginx <none> 03f3cb0afb7b 12 minutes ago linux/amd64 149.1 MiB 54.1 MiB <none> <none> 03f3cb0afb7b 12 minutes ago linux/amd64 149.1 MiB 54.1 MiB root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：可以看到現在我們不指定名稱空間，對應就是顯示k8s.io名稱空間下映象；說明我們給的設定生效了；
檢視containerd cni外掛目錄和nerdctl cni外掛位置
安裝CNI（Container networking interface）
root@k8s-node03:~# wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.2.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.2.0.tgz
確認cni外掛路徑是否存在
root@k8s-node03:~# ll /opt/cni/bin ls: cannot access '/opt/cni/bin': No such file or directory root@k8s-node03:~# mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin root@k8s-node03:~# ll /opt/cni/bin total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 9 15:16 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 9 15:16 ../ root@k8s-node03:~#
解壓二進位制包至/opt/cni/bin/目錄下
root@k8s-node03:~# tar xf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.2.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/ root@k8s-node03:~# ll /opt/cni/bin/ total 68944 drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 16 21:42 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 9 15:16 ../ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3859475 Jan 16 21:42 bandwidth* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4299004 Jan 16 21:42 bridge* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10167415 Jan 16 21:42 dhcp* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3986082 Jan 16 21:42 dummy* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4385098 Jan 16 21:42 firewall* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3870731 Jan 16 21:42 host-device* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3287319 Jan 16 21:42 host-local* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3999593 Jan 16 21:42 ipvlan* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3353028 Jan 16 21:42 loopback* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4029261 Jan 16 21:42 macvlan* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3746163 Jan 16 21:42 portmap* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4161070 Jan 16 21:42 ptp* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3550152 Jan 16 21:42 sbr* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2845685 Jan 16 21:42 static* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3437180 Jan 16 21:42 tuning* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3993252 Jan 16 21:42 vlan* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3586502 Jan 16 21:42 vrf* root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：nerdctl在建立容器時，它依賴cni外掛來給容器建立網路；
測試：建立Nginx測試容器並指定埠
root@k8s-node03:~# nerdctl images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED PLATFORM SIZE BLOB SIZE nginx 1.20.2 03f3cb0afb7b About an hour ago linux/amd64 149.1 MiB 54.1 MiB nginx latest 2ab30d6ac535 50 minutes ago linux/amd64 149.7 MiB 54.4 MiB nginx <none> 03f3cb0afb7b About an hour ago linux/amd64 149.1 MiB 54.1 MiB <none> <none> 2ab30d6ac535 50 minutes ago linux/amd64 149.7 MiB 54.4 MiB <none> <none> 03f3cb0afb7b About an hour ago linux/amd64 149.1 MiB 54.1 MiB root@k8s-node03:~# nerdctl run -d -p 80:80 nginx FATA[0000] failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: error during container init: error running hook #0: error running hook: exit status 1, stdout: , stderr: time="2023-04-09T16:11:40Z" level=fatal msg="failed to call cni.Setup: plugin type=\"bridge\" failed (add): failed to locate iptables: exec: \"iptables\": executable file not found in $PATH" Failed to write to log, write /var/lib/nerdctl/1935db59/containers/k8s.io/bf9d980bbed0d28778a3e0f21ad380df1b712841b6887792ce1fa0f483bf9a7d/oci-hook.createRuntime.log: file already closed: unknown root@k8s-node03:~# nerdctl ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bf9d980bbed0 docker.io/library/nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Created 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-bf9d9 root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：這裡容器雖然建立了沒有執行，給我們報了一個錯，意思就是在path環境變數中沒有找到iptables，無法執行iptables命令；解決辦法就是安裝iptables工具（我這裡是最小化安裝的ubuntu2204的版本，好多命令都沒有）；
安裝iptables工具
root@k8s-node03:~# apt-get install iptables -y
再次執行容器，看看對應容器是否能夠正常執行？
root@k8s-node03:~# nerdctl run -d -p 80:80 nginx f3c40d58c1b98e90ef37da97b7fa6f5b8e9f44e7e40ba973678d53fef79b723f root@k8s-node03:~# nerdctl ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bf9d980bbed0 docker.io/library/nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 57 seconds ago Created 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-bf9d9 f3c40d58c1b9 docker.io/library/nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 seconds ago Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-f3c40 root@k8s-node03:~#
提示：安裝了iptables工具以後，再次執行容器，對應容器就跑起來了；
驗證：存取對應niginx是否可以正常存取？
提示：可以看到nginx可以正常暴露給容器外部網路存取；
ok，基於ubuntu2204部署containerd和使用者端工具的測試就到此為止；推薦使用nerdctl使用者端工具，這個工具的命令和docker非常相似，熟悉docker命令的使用，nerdctl也就不難使用了；
作者：Linux-1874
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