環境： Oracle 19c ADG（主庫：單範例；備庫：RAC）

1.主庫新建測試檔案

主庫在AWR的PDB中做測試，為了不影響其他測試，建立一個新的測試表空間tbs_test及對應資料檔案：

SQL> conn awr@awr
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> create tablespace tbs_test datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' size 30m;

Tablespace created.

2.主庫建立測試表

主庫在新建表空間上建立測試表awr.test：

SQL> create table awr.test tablespace tbs_test as select * from dba_users;

Table created.

SQL> select count(*) from awr.test;

  COUNT(*)
----------
	37

3.查詢表對應資料檔案資訊

通過dbms_rowid檢視awr.test表對應行資料的檔案號（rel_fno）、塊號（blockno,）和行號（rowno）:

select rowid, 
     dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,        
     dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,  
     dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno 
from awr.test    
order by rowid;

ROWID		      REL_FNO	 BLOCKNO      ROWNO
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAA	   29	     131	  0
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAB	   29	     131	  1
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAC	   29	     131	  2
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAD	   29	     131	  3
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAE	   29	     131	  4
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAF	   29	     131	  5
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAG	   29	     131	  6
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAH	   29	     131	  7
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAI	   29	     131	  8
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAJ	   29	     131	  9
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAK	   29	     131	 10
...

4.模擬資料檔案物理壞塊

使用dd模擬資料檔案的物理壞塊：

dd if=/dev/zero of=/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf bs=8192 conv=notrunc seek=131 count=1

5.查詢對應測試表

再次查詢被破壞資料檔案上的表awr.test，發現使用者端只是卡頓一下就正常出了結果，並沒有任何顯示的報錯：

ALTER SYSTEM Flush buffer_cache;
select count(*) from awr.test;

6.進一步查詢紀錄檔資訊

上面查詢表沒有報錯，但是從主庫的alert紀錄檔中可以看到：

2023-04-03T12:08:02.602504+08:00
AWR(6):create tablespace tbs_test datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' size 30m
AWR(6):Completed: create tablespace tbs_test datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' size 30m
2023-04-03T12:15:21.021834+08:00
AWR(6):ALTER SYSTEM: Flushing buffer cache inst=0 container=6 global
AWR(6):TABLE AUDSYS.AUD$UNIFIED: ADDED INTERVAL PARTITION SYS_P368 (106) VALUES LESS THAN (TIMESTAMP' 2023-05-01 00:00:00')
2023-04-03T12:15:24.751443+08:00
AWR(6):Hex dump of (file 29, block 131) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/demo/demo/trace/demo_ora_11735.trc
AWR(6):
AWR(6):Corrupt block relative dba: 0x07400083 (file 29, block 131)
AWR(6):Completely zero block found during multiblock buffer read
AWR(6):
AWR(6):Reading datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' for corrupt data at rdba: 0x07400083 (file 29, block 131)
AWR(6):Reread (file 29, block 131) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
AWR(6):Starting background process ABMR
2023-04-03T12:15:24.763408+08:00
Corrupt Block Found
         TIME STAMP (GMT) = 04/03/2023 12:15:24
         CONT = 6, TSN = 5, TSNAME = TBS_TEST
         RFN = 29, BLK = 131, RDBA = 121634947
         OBJN = 78966, OBJD = 78966, OBJECT = TEST, SUBOBJECT =
         SEGMENT OWNER = AWR, SEGMENT TYPE = Table Segment
2023-04-03T12:15:24.766521+08:00
ABMR started with pid=132, OS id=11983
2023-04-03T12:15:24.767751+08:00
Automatic block media recovery service is active.
2023-04-03T12:15:24.767981+08:00
AWR(6):Automatic block media recovery requested for (file# 29, block# 131)
2023-04-03T12:15:27.096763+08:00
Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 29, block# 131)
2023-04-03T12:15:27.097189+08:00
AWR(6):Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 29, block# 131)

紀錄檔中顯示自動啟用了ABMR（Automatic block media recovery）成功修復了物理壞塊。

7.確認當前引數設定

如果查詢 db_block_checking 、 db_lost_write_protect 這些引數，會發現我這裡並沒有去特殊設定：

SQL> show parameter db_block

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_block_buffers		     integer	 0
db_block_checking		     string	 FALSE
db_block_checksum		     string	 TYPICAL
db_block_size			     integer	 8192
SQL> show parameter db_lost

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_lost_write_protect		     string	 NONE
SQL>

那麼那些引數的意義呢？其實MOS檔案：

Best Practices for Corruption Detection, Prevention, and Automatic Repair - in a Data Guard Configuration (Doc ID 1302539.1)

檔案中有說明，物理壞塊預設ADG就能檢測，邏輯壞塊要配合這些引數設定。包括上一步的紀錄檔資訊中，在發現資料損壞時，也標註了(no logical check)非邏輯檢查的提示。

當然，如果您想要獲得更全面的保護，還是要按檔案說明，額外設定這些引數。