JS+CSS快速實現新手引導效果

本篇文章給大家帶來了關於JavaScript的相關知識，其中主要跟大家介紹怎麼通過簡單的CSS及JS實現一下新手引導效果，感興趣的朋友下面一起來看一下吧，希望對大家有幫助。

廢話開篇：通過一些簡單 CSS 及 JS 實現一下新手引導效果

一、實現效果

螢幕錄製2023-02-16 下午2.09.24.gif

二、實現

實現其實很簡單，mask蒙版就是平鋪一個整屏的 div，設定背景顏色為透明 transparent ，然後，再設定 outline 為半透明及足夠寬就可以了，再用同樣的方式建立一個箭頭跟警告標籤。

1、用法

let maskIntroduceManage = new MaskIntroduceManage([
    new MaskIntroduceItem('one','人生若只如初見'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('two','何事秋風悲畫扇'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('five','等閒卻變故人心'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('six','驪山語罷清宵半'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('four','卻道故人心易變'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('finally','謝謝大家支援！')
])
maskIntroduceManage.benginIntroduce()
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2、HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<style type="text/css">
*{
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}
.content {
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
}
span {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    line-height: 60px;
    margin-left: 40px;
    margin-top: 140px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
    text-align: center;
    display: block;
    background-color: antiquewhite;
}

.finally {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    background-color: cornsilk;
    border-radius: 50%;
    line-height: 100px;
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 30px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}
span:nth-of-type(1){
    margin-top: 30px;
}
span:nth-of-type(2){
    margin-top: 70px;
}
span:nth-of-type(3){
    margin-top: 160px;
}
span:nth-of-type(4){
    margin-top: 160px;
}
span:nth-of-type(5){
    margin-top: 70px;
}
span:nth-of-type(6){
    margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="content">
    <span id="one">納</span>
    <span id="two">蘭</span>
    <span id="three">容</span>
    <span id="four">若</span>
    <span id="five">作</span>
    <span id="six">詞</span>
</div>
<div class="finally" id="finally">
    謝謝
</div>
</body>
<script src="./maskIntroduce.js"></script>
<script>
let maskIntroduceManage = new MaskIntroduceManage([
    new MaskIntroduceItem('one','人生若只如初見'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('two','何事秋風悲畫扇'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('five','等閒卻變故人心'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('six','驪山語罷清宵半'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('four','卻道故人心易變'),
    new MaskIntroduceItem('finally','謝謝大家支援！')
])
maskIntroduceManage.benginIntroduce()
</script>
</html>
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3、JS

// 單元資訊model
class MaskIntroduceItem {
    // 需要引導的dom的ID
    id
    // 需要引導的dom功能描述
    warming
    constructor(id,warming){
        this.id = id
        this.warming = warming
    }
}

// 遮罩操作類
class MaskIntroduceManage {
    // 訊息展示類集合
    maskIntroduceItems
    // 遮罩層
    el
    // 遮罩層提示框
    warmingEl
    // 指引肩頭
    guidanceEl
    // 展示的第幾個
    currentShowIndex = 0
    // 記錄window事件
    windowEvent = null
    
    constructor(maskIntroduceItems){
        this.maskIntroduceItems = maskIntroduceItems
    }
    
    // 新增訊息展示類
    addIntroduceItem(introduceItem){
        this.maskIntroduceItems.push(introduceItem)
    }
    
    // body增加遮罩
    addMaskToBody(){
        //新增遮罩框
        this.el = document.createElement('div')
        this.el.style.cssText = 'position: fixed;background: transparent;outline:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 3500px solid;'
        let body = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]
        body.appendChild(this.el)
        //新增提示框
        this.warmingEl = document.createElement('div')
        this.warmingEl.style.cssText = 'position:fixed;width:100px;background:white;border-radius: 10px;padding: 30px;font-size: 14px;'
        body.appendChild(this.warmingEl)
        //新增指引箭頭
        this.guidanceEl = document.createElement('div')
        this.guidanceEl.style.cssText = 'position:fixed;width: 14px; height: 13px; background-color: white;clip-path: polygon(50% 0,100% 100%,0 100%);'
        body.appendChild(this.guidanceEl)
        //設定body禁止捲動
        body.style.overflow = 'hidden'
        //保留window事件
        if(window.onclick){
            this.windowEvent = window.onclick
        }
        window.onclick = ()=>{
            this.nextIntroduce()
        }
    }

    // 開始引導
    benginIntroduce(){
        this.addMaskToBody()
        this.nextIntroduce()
    }
    
    // 下一步
    nextIntroduce(){
        let maskIntroduceItem = this.maskIntroduceItems.length > 0 ? this.maskIntroduceItems[this.currentShowIndex] : null
        if(!maskIntroduceItem){
            return
        }
        let needIntroduceEl = document.getElementById(maskIntroduceItem.id)
        //遮罩層的鏤空位置
        this.el.style.width = needIntroduceEl.offsetWidth + 'px'
        this.el.style.height = needIntroduceEl.offsetHeight + 'px'
        this.el.style.top = this.getElementPosition(needIntroduceEl).top + 'px'
        this.el.style.left = this.getElementPosition(needIntroduceEl).left + 'px'
        //設定對應倒角，但是由於背景顏色是透明的，所以，沒有效果（???）
        //this.el.style.borderRadius = window.getComputedStyle(needIntroduceEl,null)['border-radius']
        this.currentShowIndex ++
        //指引箭頭位置
        let guidanceElLeft = this.getElementPosition(needIntroduceEl).left + needIntroduceEl.offsetWidth / 2.0
        this.guidanceEl.style.top = this.getElementPosition(needIntroduceEl).top + needIntroduceEl.offsetHeight + 20 + 'px'
        this.guidanceEl.style.left = guidanceElLeft + 'px'
        //提示框的位置
        this.warmingEl.style.top = this.getElementPosition(this.guidanceEl).top + this.guidanceEl.offsetHeight - 4 + 'px'
        let warmingElLeft = this.getElementPosition(needIntroduceEl).left - ((this.warmingEl.offsetWidth - needIntroduceEl.offsetWidth) / 2.0)
        if(warmingElLeft < 0){
            warmingElLeft = this.getElementPosition(needIntroduceEl).left + 10
        }
        if(warmingElLeft + this.warmingEl.offsetWidth > document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].offsetWidth){
            warmingElLeft = warmingElLeft - 10 - (this.warmingEl.offsetWidth - needIntroduceEl.offsetWidth) / 2.0
        }
        this.warmingEl.style.left = warmingElLeft + 'px'
        this.warmingEl.innerHTML = maskIntroduceItem.warming
        //最後一個展示完恢復window點選事件
        if(this.currentShowIndex >= this.maskIntroduceItems.length){
            setTimeout(() => {
                //移除當前遮罩
                this.el.remove()
                //移除當前提示框
                this.warmingEl.remove()
                //移除箭頭
                this.guidanceEl.remove()
                //設定body可以捲動
                document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.overflow = 'auto'
                //恢復window事件
                if(this.windowEvent){
                    window.onclick = this.windowEvent
                }
            }, 2000);
        }
    }

    // 獲取元素在螢幕的位置
    getElementPosition(element){
        var top = element.offsetTop
        var left = element.offsetLeft
        var currentParent = element.offsetParent;
        while (currentParent !== null) {
            top += currentParent.offsetTop
            left += currentParent.offsetLeft
            currentParent = currentParent.offsetParent
        }
        return {top,left}
    }
}
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三、總結與思考

實現原理特別簡單，沒有太多複雜的邏輯在裡面，想通過當前「需要介紹」的標籤的 borderRadius 來設定鏤空部分的倒角值，但是背景顏色是透明的，因此設定了，可以生效但也沒有效果。程式碼拙劣，大神勿笑~

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