分散式儲存系統之Ceph叢集啟用Dashboard及使用Prometheus監控Ceph
前文我們瞭解了Ceph之上的RadosGW基礎使用相關話題，回顧請參考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/16768998.html；今天我們來聊一聊Ceph啟用Dashboard和使用Prometheus監控Ceph相關話題；
MGR元件作用
Ceph在早些版本（L版之前）都是沒有MGR這個元件的，L版之前，ceph叢集相關監控資料都是靠mon節點完成，為了減輕mon節點的壓力，ceph叢集相關狀態資料的功能在L版之後被獨立出來，用MGR來負責，MGR主要作用是用於責跟蹤執行時指標和Ceph叢集的當前狀態，包括儲存利用率，當前效能指標和系統負載等，Ceph叢集資訊；
MGR是一個高度模組化的元件，很多功能都可以通過啟用或禁用模組來實現；其中Dashboard這個模組也被MGR所管理，預設情況下該模組並沒有被啟用；dashboard從字面意思就能知道該模組是提供一個面板；該面板能夠顯示ceph叢集相關狀態資料，比如有叢集的健康狀態、osd有多少個、儲存池有多少個，msd、mgr等等相關元件的狀態資訊；
Ceph mgr 模組管理
列出mgr全部模組
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr module ls
{
"enabled_modules": [
"balancer",
"crash",
"iostat",
"restful",
"status"
],
"disabled_modules": [
{
"name": "dashboard",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "hello",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "influx",
"can_run": false,
"error_string": "influxdb python module not found"
},
{
"name": "localpool",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "prometheus",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "selftest",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "smart",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "telegraf",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "telemetry",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "zabbix",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
}
]
}
[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：ceph mgr module ls命令顯示了叢集啟用的模組和禁用的模組資訊；其中禁用模組中can_run值為true表示支援對應模組，但未啟用；can_run值為false表示不支援對應模組，error_string的值就是用來描述為什麼該模組不被支援；
Ceph mgr啟用dashboard模組
提示：dashboard模組預設是以https向外展示ceph叢集狀態相關資料；這意味著我們需要向dashboard提供證書，對應服務才能正常使用；或者我們禁用dashboard的ssl功能，讓其以http的方式對外提供服務；
禁用dashboard的ssl功能
ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/ssl false
提示：當然這種方式並不推薦；如果要使用ssl能夠我們就必須給dashboard提供證書，具體步驟如下；
使用自簽名證書
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph dashboard create-self-signed-cert Self-signed certificate created [root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：使用自簽名證書，我們執行上述命令，對應ceph會自動生成一個自簽名證書給dashboard進行使用；
使用自定義證書
生成證書
[root@ceph-admin ~]# openssl req -new -nodes -x509 -subj "/O=IT/CN=ceph-mgr-dashboard" -days 3650 -keyout dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt -extensions v3_ca Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .....................................................................................................+++ .............+++ writing new private key to 'dashboard.key' ----- [root@ceph-admin ~]# ls CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso client.abc.keyring client.libvirt-secret.xml dashboard.crt centos7.xml client.admin.cluster.keyring client.test.keyring dashboard.key ceph-deploy-ceph.log client.admin.keyring client.usera.keyring fsclient.key [root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：可以看到在當前目錄生成了一個key檔案和證書檔案；
設定dashboard載入證書
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config-key set mgr mgr/dashboard/crt -i dashboard.crt set mgr [root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config-key set mgr mgr/dashboard/key -i dashboard.key set mgr [root@ceph-admin ~]#
設定dashboard監聽的地址和埠
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/server_addr 0.0.0.0 [root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/server_port 8443 [root@ceph-admin ~]#
驗證：檢視mgr所在主機是否正常監聽8443呢？
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph -s
cluster:
id: 7fd4a619-9767-4b46-9cee-78b9dfe88f34
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-mon01,ceph-mon02,ceph-mon03
mgr: ceph-mgr01(active), standbys: ceph-mon01, ceph-mgr02
mds: cephfs-2/2/2 up {0=ceph-mon01=up:active,1=ceph-mon02=up:active}, 1 up:standby-replay
osd: 10 osds: 10 up, 10 in
rgw: 2 daemons active
data:
pools: 12 pools, 480 pgs
objects: 515 objects, 847 MiB
usage: 13 GiB used, 887 GiB / 900 GiB avail
pgs: 480 active+clean
io:
client: 1.2 KiB/s rd, 2 op/s rd, 0 op/s wr
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ssh ceph-mgr01 'ss -tnlp|grep 8443'
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:8443 [::]:* users:(("ceph-mgr",pid=1091,fd=53))
[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：可以看到當前活動的mgr所在主機已經正常監聽8443埠；
當然我們也可分別設定不同mgr監聽不同ip地址和埠
ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/$name/server_addr $IP ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/$name/server_port $PORT
提示：我們只需將上述命令中$name更改成對應mgr範例的名稱，把$IP、$PORT更改為對應ip地址和埠即可；
存取對應主機的8443埠，看看對應服務是否可用？
提示：可以看到現在存取mgr所在主機的8443埠，對應服務是可以正常通過https存取的；
當然我們可以使用ceph mgr servers來確認對應存取dashboard的url
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr services
{
"dashboard": "https://ceph-mgr01.ilinux.io:8443/"
}
[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：這裡直接使用主機名的方式和對應監聽埠組成的url，在使用者端存取要確定對應使用者端主機能夠解析對應主機名；
重啟Dashboard、
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr module disable dashboard [root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr module enable dashboard [root@ceph-admin ~]#
設定管理員認證資訊
命令格式：ceph dashboard set-login-credentials <username> <password>
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph dashboard set-login-credentials admin admin Username and password updated [root@ceph-admin ~]#
驗證：使用使用者名稱為admin，密碼為admin看看對應dashboard是否可登入？
提示：可以看到使用admin使用者和admin密碼是可以正常登入面板的；到此面板的啟用就到此為止；簡單說下這個面板吧，這個面板主要輸出一些監控指標資料，比如像儲存池，主機，rdb，cephfs等等資訊，它可以讓我們一目瞭然的瞭解ceph叢集各元件狀態，以及儲存狀態等等資訊；就是一個監控面板，其他沒有別的東西了；
使用Prometheus監控Ceph
Prometheus簡介
Prometheus是一套用go語言研發的開源的系統監控報警框架；它啟發於Google的borgmon監控系統，由工作在SoundCloud的Google前員工在2012年建立，作為社群開源專案進行開發，並於2015年正式釋出；2016年，Prometheus正式加入CNCF（Cloud Native Computing Foundation），成為受歡迎度僅次於iKubernetes的專案；作為新一代的監控框架，Prometheus具有以下特點；
1、強大的多維度資料模型；
1.1、時間序列資料通過metric名和鍵值對來區分；
1.2、所有的metrics都可以設定任意的多維標籤；
1.3、資料模型更隨意，不需要刻意設定為以點分割的字串；
1.4、可以對資料模型進行聚合，切割和切片操作；
1.5、持雙精度浮點型別，標籤可以設定為全unicode；
2、靈活而強大的查詢語句（ProQL）：在同一個查詢語句，可以對多個metrics進行乘法、加法、連線、取分數位等操作；
3、易於管理：Prometheus Server是一個單獨的二進位制檔案，可直接在本地工作，不依賴於分散式儲存；
4、高效：平均每個取樣點僅佔3.5bytes，且一個Prometheus server可以處理百萬的metrics；
5、使用pull模式採集時間序列資料，這樣不僅有利於本機測試而且可以避免有問題的伺服器推播壞的metrics；
6、可以採用 push gateway的方式把時間序列資料推播至Prometheus server端；
7、可以通過伺服器發現或者靜態設定去獲取監控的targets；有多種視覺化圖形介面；易於伸縮；
需要指出的是，由於資料採集可能會有丟失，所以Prometheus 不適合對採集資料要100%精準的情形；但如果用於記錄時間序列資料，Prometheus具有很大的查詢優勢，此外，Prometheus 適用於微服務體系架構；
Prometheus架構圖
prometheus server：主服務，接受外部http請求，收集、儲存與查詢資料等；
prometheus targets: 靜態收集的目標服務資料；
service discovery：動態發現服務；
prometheus alerting：報警通知元件，用於處理告警資訊；
pushgateway：資料收集代理伺服器(類似於zabbix proxy)；
data visualization and export： 資料視覺化與資料匯出(存取使用者端)
exporter：該元件主要作用是用來收集對應節點上的應用或主機指標資料的；不同應用有不同的export，比如，我們要收集mysql的指標資料，我們可以在對應mysql所在主機上部署mysql_exporter，我們要收集redis的指標資料，我們可以在對應主機上部署redis_exporter，要收集某個Linux節點主機的指標資料，我們可以部署node_exporter到對應主機；即我們要收集什麼指標資料，部署對應的exporter即可；
部署二進位制Prometheus server
下載Prometheus
[root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.37.1/prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
建立執行Prometheus Server程序的系統使用者，併為其建立家目錄/var/lib/prometheus作為資料儲存目錄
[root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# useradd -r -m -d /var/lib/prometheus prometheus [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# ll /var/lib/prometheus total 0 [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# ll /var/lib/prometheus -d drwx------ 2 prometheus prometheus 62 Oct 9 21:40 /var/lib/prometheus [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]#
解壓Prometheus並做軟連線
[root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# tar xf prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mgr02 local]# ls bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 sbin share src [root@ceph-mgr02 local]# ln -s prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 prometheus [root@ceph-mgr02 local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Oct 9 21:42 prometheus -> prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x 4 3434 3434 132 Sep 12 21:08 prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 11 2018 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src [root@ceph-mgr02 local]#
建立Prometheus專用的Unit File
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service [Unit] Description=The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database. Documentation=https://prometheus.io After=network.target [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/prometheus User=prometheus ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus \ --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus \ --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml \ --web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090 \ --web.external-url= Restart=on-failure StartLimitInterval=1 RestartSec=3 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
啟動Prometheus server
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl start prometheus
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus
● prometheus.service - The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 21:46:09 CST; 4s ago
Docs: https://prometheus.io
Main PID: 2258 (prometheus)
CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
└─2258 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometh...
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:536 level=info compo…6.545µs
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:542 level=info compo...hile"
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=0
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:619 level=info compo…6.765µs
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.692Z caller=main.go:993 level=info fs_ty...MAGIC
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.692Z caller=main.go:996 level=info msg="...rted"
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.692Z caller=main.go:1177 level=info msg=...s.yml
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.693Z caller=main.go:1214 level=info msg="Comp…µs
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.693Z caller=main.go:957 level=info msg="...sts."
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.693Z caller=manager.go:941 level=info co...r..."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
提示：Prometheus預設監聽在tcp9090埠；使用systemd的方式啟動Prometheus，如果沒有報錯，對應埠又處於監聽狀態說明Prometheus server就搭建好了；
部署node_exporter 收集ceph-mon01主機上的指標資料，以測試Prometheus 服務是否正常可用
[root@ceph-mon01 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.4.0/node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
建立執行node_exporter程序的系統使用者，併為其建立家目錄/var/lib/prometheus作為資料儲存目錄
[root@ceph-mon01 ~]# useradd -r -m -d /var/lib/prometheus prometheus [root@ceph-mon01 ~]# ll /var/lib/prometheus/ -d drwx------ 2 prometheus prometheus 62 Oct 9 21:51 /var/lib/prometheus/ [root@ceph-mon01 ~]#
解壓壓縮包並做軟連線
[root@ceph-mon01 ~]# tar xf node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mon01 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mon01 local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434 56 Sep 26 20:39 node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 11 2018 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src [root@ceph-mon01 local]# ln -s node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 node_exporter [root@ceph-mon01 local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Oct 9 21:52 node_exporter -> node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434 56 Sep 26 20:39 node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 11 2018 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src [root@ceph-mon01 local]#
建立Unit File
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service [Unit] Description=Prometheus exporter for machine metrics, written in Go with pluggable metric collectors. Documentation=https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter After=network.target [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/node_exporter User=prometheus ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter \ $NODE_EXPORTER_OPTS Restart=on-failure StartLimitInterval=1 RestartSec=3 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@ceph-mon01 local]#
啟動node_exporter
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# systemctl start node_exporter
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# systemctl status node_exporter.service
● node_exporter.service - Prometheus exporter for machine metrics, written in Go with pluggable metric collectors.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 21:58:12 CST; 6s ago
Docs: https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
Main PID: 3247 (node_exporter)
CGroup: /system.slice/node_exporter.service
└─3247 /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...zone
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...time
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...imex
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...eues
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...name
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...stat
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...=xfs
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...=zfs
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:199 level...9100
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=tls_config.go:195 level=in...alse
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6804 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:7480 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6789 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9100 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mon01 local]#
提示：node_exporter預設監聽在tcp的9100，通過這個埠加/metrics可以輸出對應採集到的指標資料；
驗證，存取ceph-mon01的9100，看看對應指標資料是否採集到了？
提示：可以看到存取192.168.0.71:9100/metrics能夠輸出很多指標資料，說明node_exproter部署沒有問題；
將node_exporter的指標資料匯入Prometheus server
在匯入node_exporter的指標資料之前，我們先來了解下Prometheus 組態檔
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml
# my global config
global:
scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
# - alertmanager:9093
# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"
# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
- job_name: "prometheus"
# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
# scheme defaults to 'http'.
static_configs:
- targets: ["localhost:9090"]
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
提示：Prometheus 組態檔主要由global、rule_files、scrape_configs、alerting、remote_write和remote_read幾個設定段組成；global：全域性設定段；scrape_configs：scrape設定集合，用於定義監控的目標物件（target）的集合，以及描述如何抓取（scrape）相關指標資料的設定引數；通常，每個scrape設定對應於一個單獨的作業（job），而每個targets可通過靜態設定（static_configs）直接給出定義，也可基於Prometheus支援的服務發現機制進行自動設定；alertmanager_configs：可由Prometheus使⽤的Alertmanager範例的集合，以及如何同這些Alertmanager互動的設定引數；每個Alertmanager可通過靜態設定（static_configs）直接給出定義，也可基於Prometheus⽀持的服務發現機制進行自動設定；remote_write：設定「遠端寫」機制，Prometheus需要將資料儲存於外部的儲存系統（例如InfluxDB）時定義此設定段，隨後Prometheus將樣本資料通過HTTP協定傳送給由URL指定介面卡(Adaptor)；remote_read：設定「遠端讀」機制，Prometheus將接收到的查詢請求交給由URL指定介面卡Adpater）執行，Adapter將請求條件轉換為遠端儲存服務中的查詢請求，並將獲取的響應資料轉換為Prometheus可用的格式；
常用的全域性設定引數
global: # How frequently to scrape targets by default. [ scrape_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ] # How long until a scrape request times out. [ scrape_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s ] # How frequently to evaluate rules. [ evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ] # The labels to add to any time series or alerts when communicating with # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager). external_labels: [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ... ] # Rule files specifies a list of globs. Rules and alerts are read from # all matching files. rule_files: [ - <filepath_glob> ... ] # A list of scrape configurations. scrape_configs: [ - <scrape_config> ... ] # Alerting specifies settings related to the Alertmanager. alerting: alert_relabel_configs: [ - <relabel_config> ... ] alertmanagers: [ - <alertmanager_config> ... ] # Settings related to the remote write feature. remote_write: [ - <remote_write> ... ] # Settings related to the remote read feature. remote_read: [ - <remote_read> ... ]
scrape設定段中，使用static_configs設定Job的語法格式
# The targets specified by the static config. targets: [ - '<host>' ] # Labels assigned to all metrics scraped from the targets. labels: [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ... ]
使用file_sd_configs設定Job的語法格式
[
{
"targets": [ "<host>", ... ],
"labels": {
"<labelname>": "<labelvalue>", ...
}
},
...
]
將node_exporter指標資料納入Prometheus server中
提示：預設node_exporter是以/metrics輸出指標資料，如果需要修改了輸出路徑，需要在prometheus組態檔中用metrics_path來指定其路徑；
重啟Prometheus server
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus.service
● prometheus.service - The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 22:20:41 CST; 9s ago
Docs: https://prometheus.io
Main PID: 2344 (prometheus)
CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
└─2344 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometh...
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.163Z caller=head.go:542 level=info compo...hile"
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.179Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=1
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.179Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=1
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.179Z caller=head.go:619 level=info compo…19721ms
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.180Z caller=main.go:993 level=info fs_ty...MAGIC
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.180Z caller=main.go:996 level=info msg="...rted"
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.180Z caller=main.go:1177 level=info msg=...s.yml
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.181Z caller=main.go:1214 level=info msg="Comp…µs
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.181Z caller=main.go:957 level=info msg="...sts."
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.181Z caller=manager.go:941 level=info co...r..."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
存取Prometheus server所在主機的9090埠
提示：可以看到存取Prometheus 所在主機的9090埠，對應能夠查到node_exporter採集到資料；說明Prometheus server和node_exporter是部署是沒有問題；
Ceph mgr啟用Prometheus模組
Ceph Manager內建了眾多模組，包括prometheus模組，用於直接輸出Prometheus⻛格的指標資料。
提示：Prometheus模組預設監聽於TCP協定的9283埠；這裡需要說明一下，ceph只要啟用了Prometheus模組以後，只要執行的有mgr的節點，對應都會監聽9283埠；
驗證：檢視mgr執行主機是否監聽9283埠？對應埠是否可存取？
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr services
{
"dashboard": "https://0.0.0.0:8443/",
"prometheus": "http://ceph-mgr01.ilinux.io:9283/"
}
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ssh ceph-mgr01 'ss -tnl'
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6804 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:9283 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
[root@ceph-admin ~]# curl http://ceph-mgr01.ilinux.io:9283/
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Ceph Exporter</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Ceph Exporter</h1>
<p><a href='/metrics'>Metrics</a></p>
</body>
</html>[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：可以看到對應ceph-mgr01的9283是處於監聽狀體，並且也是可以正常存取的；
將ceph exporter納入Prometheus server中去
重啟Prometheus server
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus.service
● prometheus.service - The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 22:37:16 CST; 5s ago
Docs: https://prometheus.io
Main PID: 2481 (prometheus)
CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
└─2481 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometh...
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.347Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=2
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.387Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=2
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.393Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=2
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.393Z caller=head.go:619 level=info compo…77763ms
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.394Z caller=main.go:993 level=info fs_ty...MAGIC
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.394Z caller=main.go:996 level=info msg="...rted"
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.394Z caller=main.go:1177 level=info msg=...s.yml
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.395Z caller=main.go:1214 level=info msg="Comp…µs
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.395Z caller=main.go:957 level=info msg="...sts."
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.395Z caller=manager.go:941 level=info co...r..."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:9283 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
存取Prometheus server的9090埠，看看對應ceph exporter的指標資料是否已經有了？
提示：可以看到現在存取prometheus server 的9090埠多了許多以ceph開頭的指標，說明ceph exporter已經將資料傳送給Prometheus server；
部署Grafana展示ceph 指標資料
建立grafana的倉庫組態檔
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/grafana.repo [grafana] name=grafana baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/grafana/yum/rpm repo_gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
安裝grafana
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# yum install grafana -y
啟動grafana
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl start grafana-server.service [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:* LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:* LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:* LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:3000 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:* LISTEN 0 5 [::]:9283 [::]:* [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
提示：grafana預設監聽在tcp的3000埠，如果啟動沒有報錯，對應3000埠處於監聽，說明grafana就啟動起來了；
存取grafana所在主機的3000埠設定grafana
提示：grafana的預設使用者名稱是admin，密碼也是admin；第一進入要求更改密碼，當然我這裡測試不更改也行；不影響使用；
新增Prometheus資料來源
提示：這裡只需要填寫Prometheus server的地址即可；如果Prometheus開啟了認證，對應認證資訊也是需要填寫的；
匯入Prometheus摸板
提示：這個模板是展示Prometheus的一個專用面板，當然我們也可以自己定義展示那些資料；
下載ceph模板：https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/7056-ceph-cluster/；
匯入ceph模板
ok，基於Prometheus監控ceph的測試就到此為止；