一文詳解JS實現三級聯動選單(附思路說明)

2022-08-10 18:00:30

思路:每一個下拉式選單作為一個元件,可以接收一組資料,根據資料內容不同生成不同的選單選項。三級之間的關聯通過事件拋發來實現。資料從後臺獲取。

當點選省份選單選擇陝西時,選單元件會通過事件拋發把當前的省份拋發出來。得知省份之後就可以從後臺獲取省份下面的城市資料。依次類推。【相關推薦:】

實現效果:

前後端介面資訊:

三級級聯選單介面:

## URL:http://10.9.72.245:4010

## Method: "GET"

## 資料格式:

請求:QueryString

響應:JSON

介面名稱:

1、http://10.9.72.245:4010/getProvince

2、http://10.9.72.245:4010/getCity

3、http://10.9.72.245:4010/getCounty

獲取省份介面

介面名:/getProvince

請求:無引數

響應:{"province":["北京","天津","河北",...]}

獲取城市介面:

介面名:/getCity

請求:?province="河北"

響應:{"city":["石家莊", "唐山", "秦皇島",...]}

獲取縣介面:

介面名:/getCounty

請求:?city="石家莊"

響應:{"county":["長安區", "橋東區", "橋西區",...]}

具體實現:

1、建立下拉式選單元件及前後端通訊:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <script type="module">
        import QueryString from './js/QueryString.js';
        import DropDownMemu from './js/DropDownMemu.js';
 
        let cityInfo = {};
        init();
        function init(){
            ajax("http://10.9.72.245:4010","getProvince").then(succeseFunction).catch(failFunction);
        }
        // ajax通訊成功後執行:
        function succeseFunction(_data){
            let data = JSON.parse(_data);
            let key = Object.keys(data)[0];
            data = Object.values(data)[0];
            if(DropDownMemu.Obj[key]){
                DropDownMemu.Obj[key].list = data;
                DropDownMemu.Obj[key].name = data[0];
            }else{
                let memu = new DropDownMemu(key);
                memu.addEventListener("change",changeHandler);
                memu.list = data;
                memu.name =data[0];
                memu.appendTo("body");
                cityInfo[key] = data[0];
            }
        }
        // 當選單顯示內容改變時接收到選單拋發出的事件並獲取事件中攜帶的資訊例如{"province":"陝西"}或者{"city":"西安"}
        function changeHandler(e){
            let key = e.currentTarget.label;
            cityInfo[key] = e.data[key];
            let interfaceName;
            if(e.data.province){
                interfaceName = "getCity";
            }else if(e.data.city){
                interfaceName = "getCounty";
            }else{
                return
            }
            ajax("http://10.9.72.245:4010",interfaceName,cityInfo).then(succeseFunction).catch(failFunction);
        }
        /*
            ajax通訊:
            參數列:
            url: 後臺服務地址
            interfaceType:介面型別,如 "getProvince"
            data:傳輸的資料,例如:{"province":"陝西"}
            通訊型別type:預設"GET"請求
            是否以json格式傳送資料:預設為false
        */
        function ajax(url,interfaceType,data,type="get",json=false){
            type = type.toUpperCase();
            let o = type==="GET"? null : data;
            if(data) data = json? JSON.stringify(data) : QueryString.stringify(data);
            else data = "";
            return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){
                let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
                xhr.open(type,url + "/" + interfaceType + (type==="GET"? "?"+data : ""));
                xhr.send(o);
                xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
                    if(xhr.readyState===4 && xhr.status===200){
                        resolve(xhr.response);
                    }else if(xhr.readyState===4){
                        resolve(xhr.status);
                    }
                }
                xhr.onerror= function(){
                    reject(xhr.response);
                }
            })
        }
        // ajax通訊失敗時執行
        function failFunction(_err){
            console.log(_err);
        }
 
 
    </script>
</body>
</html>

2、下拉式選單元件:DropDownMemu類

import Component from "./Component.js";

export default class DropDownMemu extends Component {

    _list;      // 當前下拉式選單的可選項。
    _name;      // 當前選擇顯示的名字例如: "北京"
    label;      // 當前下拉式選單的標籤,province city county
    spanLabel;  // 標籤容器
    spanCaret;  // 三角形
    ul;         // 下拉選項容器
    bool=false; // 控制滑鼠事件,聚焦狀態或正在選擇時,不觸發滑鼠劃入滑出效果。
    
    // 根據不同的狀態設定下拉式選單的樣式。
    static DROPDOWN = Symbol();
    static DEFAULT = Symbol();
    // 靜態全域性變數 每建立一個下拉式選單,都儲存到這個物件中,全域性管理建立的每一個下拉式選單。
    static Obj = {};

    constructor(_label) {
        super("p");
        this.label = _label;
        // 建立HTML結構
        this.render();
        // 設定樣式
        this.setStyle();
        // 滑鼠滑入滑出點選,聚焦失焦,點選事件
        this.elem.addEventListener("focusin", e =>this.mouseHandler(e));
        this.elem.addEventListener("focusout", e =>this.mouseHandler(e));
        this.elem.addEventListener("mouseenter", e=>this.mouseHandler(e));
        this.elem.addEventListener("mouseleave", e=>this.mouseHandler(e));
        this.elem.addEventListener("click", e => this.mouseHandler(e));
    }
    
    mouseHandler(e){
        switch(e.type){
            case "mouseenter": 
                if(this.bool) return
                this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#e6e6e6";
                break;
            case "mouseleave":
                if(this.bool) return
                this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#fff";
                break;
            case "focusin":
                this.setState(DropDownMemu.DROPDOWN);
                this.bool = true;
                break;
            case "focusout":
                this.setState(DropDownMemu.DEFAULT);
                this.bool = false;
            case "click" :
                if(e.target.constructor !== HTMLLIElement) return
                this._name = e.target.textContent;
                // 當點選時修改當前顯示的內容,重設樣式,並拋發事件告知外部當前的內容。
                this.setContent();
                let evt = new FocusEvent("focusout");
                this.elem.dispatchEvent(evt);
        }
    }
    
    set name(_name){
        this._name = _name;
        this.setContent();
    }
    get name(){
        return this._name;
    }
    set list(_list){
        this._list = _list;
        this.ul.innerHTML = "";
        this.ul.appendChild(this.createLi());
    }
    // 修改選單當前顯示的內容並並拋發資料
    setContent(_name){
        this._name = _name || this._name;
        this.spanLabel.textContent = this._name;
        let evt = new MouseEvent("change");
        if(!evt.data) evt.data = {}
        evt.data[this.label] = this._name;
        this.dispatchEvent(evt);
    }
    // 根據指定的list建立下拉式選單選項。
    createLi(_list){
        this._list = _list || this._list;
        let elem = document.createDocumentFragment();
        this._list.forEach((item, index) => {
            let li = document.createElement("li");
            li.textContent = item;
            Object.assign(li.style, {
                lineHeight:"26px",
                padding:"0 15px",
            })
            elem.appendChild(li);
        })
        return elem;
    }
    setState(type){
        switch(type){
            case DropDownMemu.DROPDOWN:
                this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#e6e6e6";
                this.ul.style.display = "block";
                break;
            case DropDownMemu.DEFAULT:
                this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#fff";
                this.ul.style.display = "none";
                break;
        }
    }
    appendTo(parent){
        super.appendTo(parent);
        DropDownMemu.Obj[this.label] = this;
    }
    render() {
        this.elem.setAttribute("tabIndex",1);
        this.spanLabel = document.createElement("span");
        this.spanCaret = document.createElement("span");
        this.ul = document.createElement("ul");
        this.elem.appendChild(this.ul);
        this.spanLabel.textContent = this._name;
        this.elem.appendChild(this.spanLabel);
        this.elem.appendChild(this.spanCaret);
    }
    setStyle() {
        Object.assign(this.elem.style, {
            float: "left",
            minHeight: "20px",
            minWidht: "80px",
            color: "#333",
            fontWeight: "normal",
            textAlign: "center",
            whiteSpace: "nowrap",
            verticalAlign: "middle",
            cursor: "pointer",
            border: "1px solid #ccc",
            borderRadius: "4px",
            backgroundColor: "#fff",
            padding: "6px 12px",
            fontSize: "14px",
            userSelect: "none",
            marginRight: "100px",
            position:"relative",
        });
        Object.assign(this.spanLabel.style, {
            float: "left",
            padding: "0 5px"
        })
        Object.assign(this.spanCaret.style, {
            display: "inline-block",
            verticalAlign: "middle",
            borderTop: "4px dashed",
            borderRight: "4px solid transparent",
            borderLeft: "4px solid transparent",
        })
        Object.assign(this.ul.style, {
            listStyle: "none",
            position: "absolute",
            top: "100%",
            left: "0",
            zIndex: "1000",
            minWidth: "100px",
            padding: "5px 0px",
            margin: "2px 0 0",
            fontSize: "14px",
            textAlign: "left",
            backgroundColor: "#fff",
            border: "1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)",
            borderRadius: "4px",
            boxShadow: "0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175)",
            display: "none",
        })
    }
}

3、Component 父類別:

export default class Component extends EventTarget{
    elem;
    constructor(_type){
        super();
        this.elem = this.createElem(_type);
    }
    createElem(_type){
        let elem = document.createElement(_type);
        return elem;
    }
    appendTo(parent){
        if(typeof parent==="string") parent = document.querySelector(parent);
        parent.appendChild(this.elem);
    }
}

4、nodejs後臺服務:

let http = require("http");
let querystring = require("querystring");
let data,
    req,
    res;

// 讀取所有城市資料並解析為物件,同步讀取。
let fs = require("fs");
let allCityInfo = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./city.json'));

let server = http.createServer(listenerHandler);
server.listen(4010,"10.9.72.245",listenerDoneHandler);

function listenerHandler(_req,_res){
    req = _req;
    res = _res; 
    res.writeHead(200,{
        "content-type":"text/html;charset=utf-8",
        "Access-Control-Allow-Origin":"*",
        "Access-Control-Allow-Headers":"*",
    });
    data="";
    req.on("data",function(_data){
        data=_data;
    })
    req.on("end",receiveHandler);
}
function receiveHandler(){
    // console.log(allCityInfo);
    // 根據請求頭的url解析介面型別
    let type = req.url.trim().split("?")[0].replace(/\//g,"");
    console.log(type);
    // 根據請求頭的url解析傳入的引數
    if(req.method.toUpperCase()==="GET"){
        if(req.url.includes("favicon.ico")) return res.end();
        else data = req.url.includes("?") ? req.url.split("?")[1] : "";
    }
    try{
        data = JSON.parse(data);
    }catch{
        data = querystring.parse(data);
    }
    console.log(data);

    // 根據介面型別查詢資料。
    let list = {};
    switch(type){
        case "getProvince":
            list.province = Object.keys(allCityInfo);
            break;
        case "getCity" :
            list.city = Object.keys(allCityInfo[data.province]);
            break;
        case "getCounty":
            list.county = allCityInfo[data.province][data.city];
            break;
    }

    console.log(list);
    res.write(JSON.stringify(list));
    res.end()
}
function listenerDoneHandler(){
    console.log("開啟服務成功");
}

5、伺服器端資料以json格式儲存在city.json中,如下所示:

{

"北京": {

"北京": ["東城區", "西城區", "崇文區", "宣武區", "朝陽區", "豐臺區", "石景山區", "海淀區", "門頭溝區", "房山區", "通州區", "順義區", "昌平區", "大興區", "平谷區", "懷柔區", "密雲縣", "延慶縣", "其他"]

},

"天津": {

"天津": ["和平區", "河東區", "河西區", "南開區", "河北區", "紅撟區", "濱海新區", "東麗區", "西青區", "津南區", "北辰區", "寧河區", "武清區", "靜海縣", "寶坻區", "薊縣", "塘沽區", "漢沽區", "大港區", "寶坻區", "其他"]

},

}

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