Java圖文詳解之實現圖書管理系統

推薦學習：《》

一. 功能介紹

1.1 使用介紹

1.輸入姓名

2.選擇身份

3.根據身份列印不同功能選單

1.2 基本框架

二、具體思路

book（包）

operation（功能包）

user（使用者包）

三、程式碼實現

book（包）

Book（書類）

package book;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 14:45
 * Description:書
 */public class Book {
    private String name;//書名
    private String author;//作者
    private double price;//價格
    private String type;//型別
    private boolean state;//書的狀態（已借出or未借出）
    
	//對書進行初始化，書的狀態不用進行初始化（預設未借出）
    public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
        this.state = state;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(boolean state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "[" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", " + (state == true ? "已借出" : "未借出") +
                ']';
    }}

BookList（書架類）

package book;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 14:52
 * Description:書架
 */public class BookList {
    private Book[] books = new Book[10];
    private int usedSize;

    public BookList() {
        books[0] = new Book("三國演義","羅貫中",19.9,"小說");
        books[1] = new Book("西遊記","吳承恩",29.9,"小說");
        books[2] = new Book("紅樓夢","曹雪芹",26.9,"小說");
        usedSize = 3;
    }

    public Book getBooks(int pos) {//輸入下標獲取該下標的這本書
        return books[pos];
    }

    public void setBooks(int pos, Book book) {//輸入下標和一本書，在該下標放入一本書
        this.books[pos] = book;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }}

operation（功能包）

IOperation（功能介面）

package operation;import book.BookList;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:07
 * Description:介面
 */public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);}

FindOperation（查詢圖書）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:09
 * Description:查詢書籍資訊
 */public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("查詢圖書");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入書的名稱:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        //獲取書架中圖書數量
        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        //根據名字查詢
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("未找到該書。");
    }}

AddOperation（新增圖書）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:04
 * Description:新增書籍
 */public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("新增圖書");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入書名:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("請輸入作者:");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("請輸入書的型別:");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("請輸入價格:");
        double price = scanner.nextDouble();

        Book book = new Book(name, author, price, type);
        bookList.setBooks(bookList.getUsedSize(), book);//將書放入書架

        bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()+1);//書籍數量+1
    }}

DelOperation（刪除圖書）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:05
 * Description:刪除書籍
 */public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("刪除圖書");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入要刪除的書名:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        //獲取書架中現在有幾本書
        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        int i = 0;
        //根據書名找到這個本書的下標
        for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i == size) {
            System.out.println("刪除失敗，未找到該書。");
            return;
        }
        //通過前移將書刪除
        for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
            bookList.setBooks(i,bookList.getBooks(i + 1));
        }
        bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()-1);//書架中圖書數量-1
        System.out.println("刪除成功。");
    }}

BorrowOperation（借閱圖書）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:05
 * Description:借閱書籍
 */public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("借閱圖書");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入要借書的名稱:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        //獲取書架中現在有幾本書
        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
            //判斷在書架中是否有這本書
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                //判斷書是否被借走
                if (!book.isState()) {
                    System.out.println("借閱成功！");
                    book.setState(true);//將書的狀態改為已借出
                    return;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("借閱失敗，該書已被別人借走。");
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("借閱失敗，未找到該書。");
    }}

ReturnOperation（歸還圖書）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:10
 * Description:歸還書籍
 */public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("歸還圖書");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入要還書的名稱:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        //獲取書架中現在有幾本書
        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
            //判斷在書架中是否有這本書
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                //判斷書是否已被借走
                if (book.isState()) {
                    System.out.println("歸還成功！");
                    book.setState(false);//將書的狀態改為未借出
                    return;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("歸還失敗，該書已還未被借走。");
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("歸還失敗，未找到該書。");
    }}

DisplayOperation（列印圖書資訊）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:06
 * Description:列印全部書籍資訊
 */public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("顯示全部圖書");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }}

ExitOperation（退出系統）

import book.BookList;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:08
 * Description:退出系統
 */public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("退出系統。");
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        System.exit(0);
    }}

user（使用者包）

User（使用者抽象類）

package user;import book.BookList;import operation.IOperation;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:11
 * Description:使用者
 */abstract public class User {
    protected String userName;//使用者姓名
    protected IOperation[] iOperations;//功能陣列

    public User(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public abstract int menu();
    
    //輸入選擇，呼叫不同的功能
    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);//動態繫結
    }}

AdminUser（管理員）

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:13
 * Description:管理員
 */public class AdminUser extends User{
    public AdminUser(String userName) {
        super(userName);
        //管理員功能
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("hello " + this.userName + " 歡迎來到圖書館");
        while(true) {
            System.out.println("------------------------");
            System.out.println("1.查詢圖書");
            System.out.println("2.新增圖書");
            System.out.println("3.刪除圖書");
            System.out.println("4.顯示全部圖書");
            System.out.println("0.退出系統");
            System.out.println("------------------------");
            System.out.print("請輸入你的操作:");
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            int choice = scanner.nextInt();
            //保證輸入數位有效
            if (choice > 4 || choice < 0) {
                System.out.println("輸入有誤請重新輸入。");
            } else {
                return choice;
            }
        }
    }}

NormalUser（普通使用者）

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:13
 * Description:學生
 */public class NormalUser extends User{
    public NormalUser (String userName) {
        super(userName);
        //使用者功能
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation(),
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("hello "+this.userName+" 歡迎來到圖書館");
        while(true) {
            System.out.println("------------------------");
            System.out.println("1.查詢圖書");
            System.out.println("2.借閱圖書");
            System.out.println("3.歸還圖書");
            System.out.println("0.退出系統");
            System.out.println("------------------------");
            System.out.print("請輸入你的操作:");
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            int choice = scanner.nextInt();
            //保證輸入數位有效
            if (choice > 3 || choice < 0) {
                System.out.println("輸入有誤請重新輸入。");
            } else {
                return choice;
            }
        }
    }}

Test類

import book.BookList;import user.AdminUser;import user.NormalUser;import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;/**
 * User: gu'jiu
 * Date: 2022-05-18
 * Time: 15:20
 * Description:圖書管理系統
 */public class Test {
    public static User login() {
        System.out.println("歡迎使用圖書管理系統");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入您的姓名:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        while(true){
            System.out.println("-----------------------------");
            System.out.println("請選擇您的身份:1>管理員 2>普通使用者");

            System.out.print("請輸入：");
            int choice = scanner.nextInt();

            //保證輸入數位有效
            if (choice == 1) {
                return new AdminUser(name);
            } else if (choice == 2) {
                return new NormalUser(name);
            } else {
                System.out.println("輸入有誤，請重新輸入。");
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList = new BookList();
        User user = login();//向上轉型

        while(true){
            int choice = user.menu();
            user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
        }
    }}

四、部分程式碼（doOperation）解釋

主函數中的user.doOperation(choice, bookList);中的doOperation方法比較難理解，我們來解釋一下

1.user.參照的可能是兩個物件

2.在範例化這物件的時候，在構造方法中，我們已經將iOperations[]準備好了。

3.根據輸入下標（例如：2）存取相應物件，再呼叫work方法。

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