Android中使用Retrofit的五種請求方式案例

2020-10-25 15:00:03

說明

沿用上一次網路請求介面
介面入口

介面檔案

說明請求方式請求引數請求地址
GET 方式,無引數GET/user/getUser
GET方式,Int引數GETInt(id)/user/getParamUser
Post方式,無引數POST/user/postNoParamUser
Post方式,有引數POSTInt(id)/user/postParamUser
Post方式,Json化引數POSTObject(id,name,sex,studentId,sex,data)/user/postObjectParamUser

一、環境搭建

1.匯入依賴

//Retrofit(網路請求框架)
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.5.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.5.0'

注意:這裡不能匯入OkHttp與Gson,Retrofit內部已經包含這兩個框架,否則會導致版本衝突。

2.開啟網路許可權

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>

在 AndroidManifest中開啟網路許可權 ,注意:如果請求的地址為Http協定則需要在application中加入:
android:usesCleartextTraffic=「true」
設定http為可用,預設只可以請求https請求。

二、佈局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/sendGetNotParam"
        android:text="傳送GET無參請求"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/sendGetHaveParam"
        android:text="傳送GET有參請求"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/sendPostNotParam"
        android:text="傳送POST無參請求"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:text="傳送POST有參請求"
        android:id="@+id/sendPostHaveParam"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:text="傳送POSTJson化請求"
        android:id="@+id/sendPostJsonParam"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        android:id="@+id/main_text"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:text="Hello World!" />

</LinearLayout>

在這裡插入圖片描述

準備工作

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                /*必須以  '/'  結束*/
                .baseUrl("你的介面地址 以 / 結尾")
                /*將返回的資料轉換為Gson*/
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .build();

        /* 需要寫一個專門的介面類 */
        apiService = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);

三、GET請求

1.無參GET請求

介面,注意:註解必須寫入引數,沒有引數時可以使用 . 或 /

 //沒有資料就填 '.' 或者 '/'
    @GET("getUser")
    Call<User> getUser();

程式碼實現

apiService.getUser().enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });
                

在這裡插入圖片描述

2.有參GET請求

介面,GET請求的引數使用@Query註解


    /*有參GET請求 */
    @GET("getParamUser")
    Call<User>getParamUser(@Query("id") int id);
apiService.getParamUser(2).enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });

在這裡插入圖片描述

四、POST請求

1.無參POST請求

介面

 /*無參POST請求 */
    @POST("postNoParamUser")
    Call<User>postNoParamUser();
apiService.postNoParamUser().enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });

在這裡插入圖片描述

2.有參POST請求

傳送表單化引數,必須要帶上註解@FormUrlEncoded
且,引數必須帶上引數@Field註解

 /*有參POST請求 */
    @FormUrlEncoded
    @POST("postParamUser")
    Call<User> postParamUser(@Field("id") int id);
apiService.postParamUser(13).enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });

在這裡插入圖片描述

3.傳送Json化POST請求

使用Json化引數 必須去掉註解@FormUrlEncoded
且,引數中必須使用@Body註解

 /*JSON化引數POST請求 */
    @POST("postObjectParamUser")
    Call<User>postObjectParamUser(@Body User user);
 User user = new User();
                user.setName("順順萌新");
                user.setStudentId("123456");
                user.setData("我是提示資料");
                user.setSex("萌新");
                user.setId(1);
                apiService.postObjectParamUser(user).enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });

在這裡插入圖片描述

四、程式碼總結

MainActivity程式碼

package com.example.secode;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.Callback;
import retrofit2.Response;
import retrofit2.Retrofit;
import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private Retrofit retrofit;
    private ApiService apiService;
    private Button sendGetNotParam;
    private Button sendGetHaveParam;
    private Button sendPostNotParam;
    private Button sendPostHaveParam;
    private Button sendPostJsonParam;
    private static final String TAG = "使用者列印資訊";
    private TextView mainText;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                /*必須以  '/'  結束*/
                .baseUrl("你的地址,必須以 / 結尾")
                /*將返回的資料轉換為Gson*/
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .build();

        /* 需要寫一個專門的介面類 */
        apiService = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);

        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        sendGetNotParam = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendGetNotParam);
        sendGetHaveParam = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendGetHaveParam);
        sendPostNotParam = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendPostNotParam);
        sendPostHaveParam = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendPostHaveParam);
        sendPostJsonParam = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendPostJsonParam);

        sendGetNotParam.setOnClickListener(this);
        sendGetHaveParam.setOnClickListener(this);
        sendPostNotParam.setOnClickListener(this);
        sendPostHaveParam.setOnClickListener(this);
        sendPostJsonParam.setOnClickListener(this);
        mainText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.main_text);
        mainText.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {

        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.sendGetNotParam:
                apiService.getUser().enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });
                break;
            case R.id.sendGetHaveParam:
                apiService.getParamUser(2).enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });
                break;
            case R.id.sendPostNotParam:
                apiService.postNoParamUser().enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });
                break;
            case R.id.sendPostHaveParam:
                apiService.postParamUser(13).enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });
                break;
            case R.id.sendPostJsonParam:
                User user = new User();
                user.setName("順順萌新");
                user.setStudentId("123456");
                user.setData("我是提示資料");
                user.setSex("萌新");
                user.setId(1);
                apiService.postObjectParamUser(user).enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
                        User user = response.body();
                        mainText.setText(user.toString());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {

                    }
                });
                break;

        }

    }
}

ApiService請求介面

package com.example.secode;


import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.http.Body;
import retrofit2.http.Field;
import retrofit2.http.FormUrlEncoded;
import retrofit2.http.GET;
import retrofit2.http.POST;
import retrofit2.http.Query;

public interface ApiService {
    /*無參GET請求 */
    //沒有資料就填 '.' 或者 '/'
    @GET("getUser")
    Call<User> getUser();

    /*有參GET請求 */
    @GET("getParamUser")
    Call<User>getParamUser(@Query("id") int id);

    /*無參POST請求 */
    @POST("postNoParamUser")
    Call<User>postNoParamUser();

    /*有參POST請求 */
    @FormUrlEncoded
    @POST("postParamUser")
    Call<User> postParamUser(@Field("id") int id);

    /*JSON化引數POST請求 */
    @POST("postObjectParamUser")
    Call<User>postObjectParamUser(@Body User user);

}

User實體類

package com.example.secode;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String studentId;
    private String sex;
    private String data;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getStudentId() {
        return studentId;
    }

    public void setStudentId(String studentId) {
        this.studentId = studentId;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(String data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", studentId='" + studentId + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", data='" + data + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}