欄目今天介紹超詳細的JVM反射原理技術點總結哦。
1,JAVA反射機制是在執行狀態中
對於任意一個類,都能夠知道這個類的所有屬性和方法;
對於任意一個物件,都能夠呼叫它的任意一個方法和屬性;
這種動態獲取的資訊以及動態呼叫物件的方法的功能稱為java語言的反射機制。
(如果屬性是private,正常情況下是不允許外界操作屬性值,這裡可以用Field類的setAccessible(true)方法,暫時開啟操作的許可權)
舉例API :
Class.forName("com.my.reflectTest").newInstance()複製程式碼
首先呼叫了 java.lang.Class 的靜態方法,獲取類資訊!
注意:forName()反射獲取類資訊,並沒有將實現留給了java,而是交給了jvm去載入!
主要是先獲取 ClassLoader, 然後呼叫 native 方法,獲取資訊,載入類則是回撥 入參ClassLoader 進類載入!
@CallerSensitive public static Class<?> forName(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException { // 先通過反射,獲取呼叫進來的類資訊,從而獲取當前的 classLoader Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(); // 呼叫native方法進行獲取class資訊 return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller); }複製程式碼
// java.lang.ClassLoader protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { // 先獲取鎖 synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) { // First, check if the class has already been loaded // 如果已經載入了的話,就不用再載入了 Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name); if (c == null) { long t0 = System.nanoTime(); try { // 雙親委託載入 if (parent != null) { c = parent.loadClass(name, false); } else { c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found // from the non-null parent class loader } // 父類別沒有載入到時,再自己載入 if (c == null) { // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order // to find the class. long t1 = System.nanoTime(); c = findClass(name); // this is the defining class loader; record the stats sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment(); } } if (resolve) { resolveClass(c); } return c; } } protected Object getClassLoadingLock(String className) { Object lock = this; if (parallelLockMap != null) { // 使用 ConcurrentHashMap來儲存鎖 Object newLock = new Object(); lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock); if (lock == null) { lock = newLock; } } return lock; } protected final Class<?> findLoadedClass(String name) { if (!checkName(name)) return null; return findLoadedClass0(name); }複製程式碼
newInstance() 其實相當於呼叫類的無參建構函式,主要做了三件事複製程式碼
許可權檢測,如果不通過直接丟擲異常;
查詢無參構造器,並將其快取起來;
呼叫具體方法的無參構造方法,生成範例並返回;
// 首先肯定是 Class.newInstance @CallerSensitive public T newInstance() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException { if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false); } // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under // the current Java memory model. // Constructor lookup // newInstance() 其實相當於呼叫類的無參建構函式,所以,首先要找到其無參構造器 if (cachedConstructor == null) { if (this == Class.class) { // 不允許呼叫 Class 的 newInstance() 方法 throw new IllegalAccessException( "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class" ); } try { // 獲取無參構造器 Class<?>[] empty = {}; final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED); // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor // since we have to do the security check here anyway // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's // security check to work) java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged( new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() { public Void run() { c.setAccessible(true); return null; } }); cachedConstructor = c; } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw (InstantiationException) new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e); } } Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor; // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor) int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers(); if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) { Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(); if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) { Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers); newInstanceCallerCache = caller; } } // Run constructor try { // 呼叫無參構造器 return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException()); // Not reached return null; } }複製程式碼
1. 先獲取所有的constructors, 然後通過進行引數型別比較; 2. 找到匹配後,通過 ReflectionFactory copy一份constructor返回; 3. 否則丟擲 NoSuchMethodException;
private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes, int which) throws NoSuchMethodException { // 獲取所有構造器 Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC)); for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) { if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, constructor.getParameterTypes())) { return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor); } } throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes)); }複製程式碼
1. 先嚐試從快取中獲取; 2. 如果快取沒有,則從jvm中重新獲取,並存入快取,快取使用軟參照進行儲存,保證記憶體可用;
// 獲取當前類所有的構造方法,通過jvm或者快取 // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor. private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) { checkInitted(); Constructor<T>[] res; // 呼叫 reflectionData(), 獲取儲存的資訊,使用軟參照儲存,從而使記憶體不夠可以回收 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData(); if (rd != null) { res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors; // 存在快取,則直接返回 if (res != null) return res; } // No cached value available; request value from VM if (isInterface()) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0]; res = temporaryRes; } else { // 使用native方法從jvm獲取構造器 res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly); } if (rd != null) { // 最後,將從jvm中讀取的內容,存入快取 if (publicOnly) { rd.publicConstructors = res; } else { rd.declaredConstructors = res; } } return res; } // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() { SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData; int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount; ReflectionData<T> rd; if (useCaches && reflectionData != null && (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null && rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) { return rd; } // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData // -> create and replace new instance return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount); } // 新建立快取,儲存反射資訊 private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData, int classRedefinedCount) { if (!useCaches) return null; // 使用cas保證更新的執行緒安全性,所以反射是保證執行緒安全的 while (true) { ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount); // try to CAS it... if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) { return rd; } // 先使用CAS更新,如果更新成功,則立即返回,否則測查當前已被其他執行緒更新的情況,如果和自己想要更新的狀態一致,則也算是成功了 oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData; classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount; if (oldReflectionData != null && (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null && rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) { return rd; } } }複製程式碼
另外,使用 relactionData() 進行快取儲存;ReflectionData 的資料結構如下!
// reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called private static class ReflectionData<T> { volatile Field[] declaredFields; volatile Field[] publicFields; volatile Method[] declaredMethods; volatile Method[] publicMethods; volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors; volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors; // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields; volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods; volatile Class<?>[] interfaces; // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance final int redefinedCount; ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) { this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount; } }複製程式碼
// return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null); // java.lang.reflect.Constructor @CallerSensitive public T newInstance(Object ... initargs) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException { if (!override) { if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) { Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(); checkAccess(caller, clazz, null, modifiers); } } if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects"); ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor; // read volatile if (ca == null) { ca = acquireConstructorAccessor(); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs); return inst; } // sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl public Object newInstance(Object[] args) throws InstantiationException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException { return delegate.newInstance(args); } // sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl public Object newInstance(Object[] args) throws InstantiationException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException { // We can't inflate a constructor belonging to a vm-anonymous class // because that kind of class can't be referred to by name, hence can't // be found from the generated bytecode. if (++numInvocations > ReflectionFactory.inflationThreshold() && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(c.getDeclaringClass())) { ConstructorAccessorImpl acc = (ConstructorAccessorImpl) new MethodAccessorGenerator(). generateConstructor(c.getDeclaringClass(), c.getParameterTypes(), c.getExceptionTypes(), c.getModifiers()); parent.setDelegate(acc); } // 呼叫native方法,進行呼叫 constructor return newInstance0(c, args); }複製程式碼
返回構造器的範例後,可以根據外部進行進行型別轉換,從而使用介面或方法進行呼叫範例功能了。
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