文章目錄

一、更換軟體源為國內源
二、開啟root使用者，關閉客人對談
- 1. 開啟root使用者
- 2. 關閉guest使用者
三、安裝 open-vm-tools
四、搭建nfs網路檔案系統伺服器

一、更換軟體源為國內源

Ubuntu本身的源使用的是國內的源，下載速度比較慢，更換為國內的軟體源下載速度要快很多。

1．修改sources.list前，最好先備份一份

執行備份命令
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

2．執行命令開啟sources.list檔案：

可以用vim，gedit,atom等工具開啟
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
或
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
或(你得自己安裝atom，我覺得挺好的一個工具)
sudo atom /etc/apt/sources.list

3．更換源

修改源之前提示大家先檢視版本名，用以下命令檢視版本名：

lsb_release -c

Ubuntu版本版本名Codename
ubuntu20.04 focal
ubuntu19.04 eoan
ubuntu18.04 bionic
ubuntu17.04 zesty
ubuntu16.04 xenial

把下面的任意一下複製到sources.list中去，並覆蓋原來的檔案內容。刪除原來的檔案內容，把下面的任意一下複製到sources.list中並儲存（常用的是阿里源和清華源，推薦阿里源）；
以下是各個版本的不同源

1） Ubuntu16.04國內源

阿里源

#阿里源Ubuntu16.04
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

清華源

#清華源Ubuntu16.04
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

東北大學源

#東北大學源Ubuntu16.04
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

2） Ubuntu18.04國內源

阿里源

#阿里源Ubuntu18.04
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清華源

# 清華源Ubuntu18.04
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源
#  中科大源Ubuntu18.04
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

163源

# 163源Ubuntu18.04
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3） Ubuntu20.04國內源

阿里源

#阿里源Ubuntu20.04
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清華源

#清華源Ubuntu20.04
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源

#中科大源Ubuntu20.04
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

163源

#163源Ubuntu20.04
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4．更新源

桌面終端執行命令：
sudo apt update更新軟體列表，換源完成。

二、開啟root使用者，關閉客人對談

1. 開啟root使用者

首先給root使用者設定一個密碼：
$ sudo passwd root
（使用root使用者登陸
$ sudo vi /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
在最後增加greeter-show-manual-login=true
儲存退出。重新啟動後可看到登陸框已顯示，可輸入使用者名稱）

2. 關閉guest使用者

$ sudo vi /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
在最後增加allow-guest=false
儲存退出。重新啟動後可看到已經沒有guest使用者登陸的選項。

三、安裝 open-vm-tools

open-vm-tools 是 VMware Tools 的開源實施，由一套虛擬化實用程式組成，這些程式可增強虛擬機器器在 VMware 環境中的功能，使管理更加有效。

1、更新下軟體源

sudo apt update

2、安裝open-vm-tools

sudo apt install open-vm-tools

3、如果要實現資料夾共用，需要安裝 open-vm-tools-dkms

sudo apt install open-vm-tools-dkms

4、桌面環境還需要安裝 open-vm-tools-desktop 以支援雙向拖放檔案

sudo apt install open-vm-tools-desktop
（如何檢視是否安裝成功open-vm-tools
/etc/init.d
ls
可以看到open-vm-tools）

5. 設定共用資料夾

設定好共用資料夾後先修改 /mnt/hgfs 的許可權為777（sudo chmod 777 /mnt/hgfs）
普通使用者掛載 vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt/hgfs

四、搭建nfs網路檔案系統伺服器

dpkg -l |grep -i "nfs"               		(檢查是否已經安裝)
sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server  	(安裝nfs服務)

sudo gedit /etc/exports (修改組態檔)

修改內容如下：
/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
　　各段表達的意思如下，根據實際進行修改

/nfs ：共用的目錄

  ：指定哪些使用者可以存取
      *  所有可以ping同該主機的使用者
      192.168.1.*  指定網段，在該網段中的使用者可以掛載
      192.168.1.12 只有該使用者能掛載

(ro,sync,no_root_squash)：許可權
ro : 唯讀
rw : 讀寫
sync : 同步
no_root_squash: 不降低root使用者的許可權
其他選項man 5 exports 檢視
sudo exportfs -ra (使設定生效)
sudo exportfs -v (檢查設定是否生效)
service nfs-kernel-server restart （重新啟動nfs服務）

虛擬機器器ubuntu 16.04及其以上版本安裝後設定